植物源蚊虫驱避剂的筛选研究  

Research on screening of botanical mosquito repellents

作　　者：王莉[1,2] 姜志宽[1,2] 韩招久[2] 陈超[2] 王天桃[2] 林翔云[3] 林君如[3] 葛淑英[3] 宋素蓉 谭伟龙[2] 贾德胜[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学公共卫生学院,江苏南京210029 [2]南京军区疾病预防控制中心,江苏南京210002 [3]厦门牡丹香化实业有限公司,福建厦门361006

出　　处：《中华卫生杀虫药械》2016年第5期427-432,共6页Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments

基　　金：全军部队疾病防控指令性计划(编号:13BJYZ59)

摘　　要：目的评价多种天然植物精油对标准试虫白纹伊蚊的驱避作用,研究植物精油之间的协同增效作用,在此基础上利用缓释技术,初步研制出1~2种具有应用价值的植物源驱蚊剂配方与剂型,以丰富蚊虫防控药剂的选择。方法收集、提取23种植物精油,以白纹伊蚊等为试虫,参照中华人民共和国国家标准《农药登记用卫生杀虫剂室内药效试验及评价第9部分:驱避剂》(GB/T 13917.9-2009)为试验方法,研究精油各组分以及组分混合后对蚊虫的驱避效果;对筛选的驱避活性较好的精油与缓释剂相结合,研究成膏剂和酊剂,在实验室和现场观察其驱蚊效果。结果 23种植物精油驱蚊有效保护时间为0.13~0.75 h。其中樟科的纯种芳樟叶油、香叶油;牻牛儿苗科的天竺葵油等9种精油,对白纹伊蚊具有一定的驱避效果。14种复方植物精油按1.5μg/cm^2涂于人体手背表面时,在实验室内对白纹伊蚊的有效保护时间为0.8~2.4 h,其中4号等8个复方样品,有效驱蚊时间达2.0~2.4 h,结果明显优于单方驱蚊有效保护时间。在单方和复方植物精油驱蚊效果研究的基础上,以驱蚊效果较好、材料易得的纯种芳樟叶油、香叶油和天竺葵油配制的复方精油,与有关缓释剂相结合,分别研制成膏剂和酊剂2种驱蚊剂型。经实验室和现场驱蚊效果观察,2种剂型在实验室对白纹伊蚊、中华按蚊和淡色库蚊等常见蚊虫的有效驱蚊时间均达3.0~5.5 h;2种剂型在现场涂抹使用4h后,对白纹伊蚊为主的驱蚊有效率为62.5%~75.0%、有效保护率高达94.7%~98.0%,其结果均优于对照驱避剂10%Deet。缓释剂的使用有效延长了驱蚊有效时间。结论通过系列单方和复方植物精油对白纹伊蚊驱避效果的研究,从中以效果较好和材料易得的纯种芳樟叶油、香叶油和天竺葵油为有效成分,与缓释剂相结合,研制出新型长效的驱蚊膏剂和酊剂,对白纹伊蚊、中华按蚊和�Objective To evaluate the repellent effects of natural plant essential oils to adult Aedes albopictus,to study the synergies among these essential oils,and to develop 1 or 2 applicable formulations or forms of botanical repellents used the sustained release technology based on these research results. Methods 23 plant essential oils were collected and isolated for the repellents screening,Aedes albopictus and other species were used as test mosquitoes,tests on repellent effects of individual constituents and constituent combination were done by means of the national standards ＂Test and evaluation of health insecticides for registration,Part 9： Repellent＂（ GB / T 13917. 9-2009）. The forms of ointment and tincture of the screened formula of better repellent effects were developed combined with sustained release agents,and 2 forms were tested in lab and on field in terms of repellent effect. Results The effective protection time of 23 essential oils was 0. 13- 0. 75 h. Among them,pure linalyl leaf oil and geraniol oil from Lauraceae,geranium oil from Geraniaceae etc showed some repellent effects to mosquitoes. In regard to compound effects,all of the 14 formulations showed some repellent effects to mosquitoes in lab at a dosage of 1. 5 μl/cm^2 smeared on skin of hand back,and the effective protection rates of No. 4 etc was 2. 0- 2. 4 h. The effect of formulations was much better than essential oils only. Based on above tests,the ointment and tincture repellent forms were developed made of linalyl leaf oil,geraniol oil and geranium oil plused some agents for extended release,and the results of the repellent effect tests showed that the effect times of 2 forms in lab and on field all reached 3. 0- 5. 5 h.Smearing on skin of 2 forms for 4 h on field,the effect rates against Aedes albopictus were 62. 5%- 75. 0%,and the effective protection rates were 94. 7%- 98. 0%,superior to 10% Deet. The use of slow release formulation extended the mosquitoes repelling time. Conclusion Based on study results of repellent ef

关 键 词：植物源驱避剂 蚊类 剂型 筛选 效果 

分 类 号：R184.31[医药卫生—流行病学]