30 m高压预吸氧对快速上浮脱险致减压病的预防作用研究  

Research on the effect of preoxygenation on the prevention of decompression sickness induced by fast buoyancy ascent escape at a pressure of 30 m

作　　者：攸璞[1] 方以群[1] 马骏[1] 李丹[2] 沈泉[1] 张师[1] 王芳芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]海军医学研究所潜水医学研究室,上海200433 [2]海军总医院

出　　处：《中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志》2016年第4期261-264,共4页Chinese Journal of Nautical Medicine and Hyperbaric Medicine

基　　金：总后勤部资助项目（11A101）;海军后勤部资助项目（11K102）;国家自然基金资助项目（81441055）;国家自然基金重点项目（11432016）

摘　　要：目的：研究30 m高压预吸氧对快速上浮脱险致减压病发病和心肺损伤的影响。方法雄性Wistar大鼠60只，采用数字表法随机分为3组，每组20只。实验组于动物舱套舱内给予加压30 m预吸氧10 min，对照组于动物舱内常压呼吸空气暴露10 min，之后，实验组与对照组用空气以2t／7指数速率加压至1．5 MPa，停留4 min后匀速减压至常压出舱。空白对照组仅放于加压舱内相同时间不做加减压处理。出舱后0．5 h观察大鼠的死亡和发病情况、检测心肺组织病理改变。结果对照组发病率和死亡率分别为80％和75％，实验组发病率和死亡率均为40％。对照组存活动物的肺组织可见肺泡、肺间质出血、肺间质增宽。心尖组织可见心肌纤维显著水肿，甚至断裂。空白对照组和实验组的肺组织均未见明显出血和渗出，肺间质无增宽。心尖组织可见心肌纤维有轻微的水肿。结论30 m高压预吸氧10 min对快速上浮脱险致减压病造成的心、肺损伤有保护作用，可预防减压病的发生。Objective To investigate the effect of preoxygenation on the DCS morbidity and cardiopulmonary injury induced by fast buoyancy ascent escape at a pressure of 30 m.Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups （the experimental group,the control group and the blank group）,each consisting of 20 rats.The experimental group was pressurized to 30 m with 10 minutes of preoxygenation in the animal chamber,the control group in the small animal chamber inside the large animal chamber was exposed to atmospheric pressure for 10 minutes,and the blank control group just stayed in the chamber without any pressurization.Then,both the experimental group and the control group were pressurized by air to a pressure of 1 .5 MPa at an exponential rate of 2 t/7 ,remained at the said pressure for 4 minutes and then were decompressed to normal pressure at linear pressure.Half an hour after the animals were out of the chamber,close observation was made on the mortality and the morbidity of DCS,and detection was also made on the pathological changes of the heart and lungs.Results The morbidity and mortality of the control group were respectively 80% and 75%,and those of the experimental group were all 40%.Alveolar and interstitial hemorrhage,as well as broadened interstitial lung could clearly be seen in the lung tissue of the survival animals in the control group.Edema or even rupture was obviously noticeable in the myocardial fibers of the cardiac apex in the survival animals of the control group.However,hemorrhage and oozing of blood could hardly be seen in the lung tissue of the experimental group,and pulmonary interstitium was normal.Only mild edema was＆amp;nbsp;noticeable in the myocardial fibers of the cardiac apex.Conclusions Ten minutes of preoxygenation at a pressure of 30 m could produce protective effect on cardiopulmonary injury induced by DCS in fast buoyancy ascent escape.With this reason,preoxygenation could prevent the occurrence of DCS.

关 键 词：快速上浮脱险 减压病 预吸氧 

分 类 号：R845.21[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]