我国农地制度演变与农民土地权益  

The evolution of rural land institutions and the land property rights and interests of farmers in China

作　　者：林卿[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学经济学院,福建福州350117

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2016年第5期1-13,共13页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：科技部国家软科学研究项目(2012GXS4D087);国家社科基金项目(15BJY080)

摘　　要：在分析农地制度演变及其过程中农民土地权益与资源配置效率、农村土地集体所有制的产权特征与农地承包权、农村土地资源类型与农民土地权益等联系的基础上,基于公平与效率的视角对农民应有的土地权益进行经济学分析,分析提出农村土地集体所有制产权残缺与农民土地权益问题的根源在于制度本身;农地承包权是按集体成员权均分的农用限制下的农地使用权;近期农民应有的土地权益就是使具有生产资料价值与社会保障功能价值的承包地产权收益最大化,发展后农民应有的土地权益应为农地财产权收益最大化,应包含农地作为生产资料的价值与农地发展权的价值;明晰产权-完善市场交易机制-设立农地发展权-赋予农民完整土地财产权应是我国农地制度改革的渐进过程。Based on analyzing farmers＇ land property rights and the efficiency of rural land resources allocation during the evolution of the rural land institution,the property rights characteristics of collective ownership of rural land,and the property rights nature of land contractual rights of agricultural land,the situation of farmers＇ land property rights and interests in different types of land use at present,it analyzed the farmers＇ land property rights and interests they should have on the theory of economics based from the perspectives of fairness and efficiency. The paper put forward arguments that the property rights of collective land ownership are incomplete. Thus,the root of the issue of farmers＇ land property rights and interests lies in the land institution itself. The ＂ Contractual Land Right＂ defines the right of farm land use,in which land may only be used for farming and is allocated to farmers according to their share in collective membership. The farmers＇ land property rights and interests,at present,should be the maximum of the income from the contractual land rights,this income should be equal to the production value of the contractual land used and the social security value of fulfilling the farmers＇ social security needs. The farmers＇ land property rights and interests that they should have after further land institution reform and development should be the maximum of the income from farmland property rights,this income should be equal to the value of farmland used for agricultural production,as well as the development right of the farmland. The process of the farmland institution reform is gradual and should be in the following order. First,clarify the scope of property rights,second,improve the market transaction mechanism,third,establish farmland development rights,and finally,endow the farmers with complete land property rights.

关 键 词：中国 农地制度 农民土地权益 

分 类 号：F301.1[经济管理—产业经济]