氧气、氩气平衡罐爆炸事故失效机理分析与预防  

Failure Mechanism Analysis and Prevention of an Explosion Accident of Oxygen and Argon Balancing Tanks

作　　者：李博[1] 吴兴华[1] 汤晓英[1] 黄文和[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市特种设备监督检验技术研究院事故调查技术中心,上海200333

出　　处：《中国特种设备安全》2016年第8期65-71,共7页China Special Equipment Safety

基　　金：上海市质量技术监督局科研项目:2015-38;国家自然科学基金:51505293

摘　　要：用于向炼钢车间氩氧精炼炉供气的氧气平衡罐、氩气平衡罐发生爆炸事故。针对该事故展开技术分析与调查,在明确配气站概况、氧气及氩气装置技术参数、事故现场物损情况的基础上,通过罐体材料性能测试、断口检查、金相观察等手段展开失效分析,并对罐体相关气化器的气化能力计算审核,对汽化器的温度监控系统进行查验。结果表明:平衡罐罐体16Mn R材料发生脆断是造成气化器下游的氧罐和氩罐最终发生爆裂的直接原因;整个装置系统缺乏低温保护系统,而气化器在气候条件恶劣情况下长时间连续、超负荷使用,导致翅片管表面结霜严重,诱发事故的产生。最后本文对材料组织碳化物偏析条件下的低温脆断机理进行揭示,并对该类事故的预防提出建议。An explosion accident, which on an oxygen balance tank and an argon gas tank of the argon oxygen refining furnace in the steelmaking plant, was investigated. The gas distribution profiles, oxygen and argon device technical parameters, the scene of the accident loss situation were investigated as the basis for the failure analysis through the shell material performance tests, fracture surface examination, and metallographic observation. The tank- related vaporizer vaporizing capacity was calculatied and verified. And the vaporizer temperature monitoring system was checked. The results showed that the brittle fracture of the 16MnR material of the balance tank is the cause of downstream of the gasifier oxygen tank hrust. The lack of low temperature protection system in the whole system, and the operation of gasifier under the harsh climatic conditions for a long time resulted into serious frosting on the tube surface and induced the accident. Finally, the low temperature brittle fracture mechanism under the condition of carbide segregation was revealed. Then the the prevention of this kind of accident was put forward.

关 键 词：平衡罐 爆炸事故 失效分析 低温保护 

分 类 号：X933.2[环境科学与工程—安全科学]