石津灌区冬小麦关键生育期逐时降水的变化特征  

Hourly precipitation during key growth periods of winter wheat in Shijin irrigation district

作　　者：任庆福[1,2] 翁白莎[2] 裴宏伟[3] 袁喆[2] REN Qingfu WENG Baisha PEI Hongwei YUAN Zhe(College of Soil and Water Conservation ,Beijing Forestry University ,Beijing 100083,China State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin ,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang , Hebei 050022, China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [3]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,河北石家庄050022

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第9期92-104,共13页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目"气候变化对水资源影响与风险评估技术"(2012BAC19B03);国家自然科学基金面上项目"基于水资源系统的广义干旱风险评价与风险区划研究"(51279207)

摘　　要：【目的】研究气候变化背景下石津灌区冬小麦关键生育期(拔节期、抽穗期、乳熟期)内有效降水过程的变化,为灌区雨水的高效利用、制定科学合理的灌溉制度提供科学依据。【方法】采用灌区内部及周边15个气象站1983-2012年4-6月的逐时降水资料,基于降水历时与降水强度的分类标准,运用Mann-Kendall趋势检验,借助ArcGIS平台的反距离插值(IDW)工具,分析了4类有效降水(短历时小雨、长历时小雨、短历时中雨、长历时中雨)在冬小麦3个生育期内发生时刻的变化规律、逐站逐年的累计降水次数以及总降雨量的时空变化规律。【结果】(1)午后至夜间(14:00-06:00)为4类有效降水的高发时段,其中长历时中雨在拔节期的发生时刻集中在10:00-15:00时段。(2)4类有效降水的累计降水次数以及总降雨量30年的变化趋势一致:1短历时小雨在冬小麦拔节期、抽穗期呈增加趋势,在乳熟期表现出减少趋势;2长历时小雨在拔节期呈增加趋势,抽穗期、乳熟期为减少趋势;3短历时中雨、长历时中雨在1998年以前呈减少趋势,1998年以后短历时中雨在拔节期为减少趋势,其他时期表现为增加趋势,长历时中雨在抽穗期为减少趋势,其他时期则为增加趋势。(3)4类有效降水的累计降水次数以及总降雨量的空间分布一致:拔节期4种类型降水均表现为北多南少;抽穗期不同历时小雨表现为中间少四围多,不同历时中雨则表现为西南多东北少;乳熟期不同历时小雨的空间分布与抽穗期一致,短历时中雨呈北多南少的分布,长历时中雨则呈东多西少的分布格局。【结论】气候变化背景下冬小麦拔节期有效降水的发生次数和降雨量逐渐增加;乳熟期的有效降水次数和降雨量呈减少趋势。【Objective】This study investigated effective precipitation process on key growth periods of winter wheat（jointing,heading,and milk ripe）under climate change in Shijin irrigation district to provide scientific basis for rainfall utilization and reasonable irrigation schedule.【Method】Based on the hourly precipitation data from 15 meteorological stations in study area on April,May,and June from 1983 to 2012,the precipitation was classified according to duration and intensity.The occurrence time,frequency and amountof the four effective precipitation types（short light rain,long light rain,short moderate rain,and long moderate rain）in three growth stages of winter wheat were analyzed with the Mann-Kendall trend test and the inverse distance interpolation（IDW）method.【Result】（1）The occurrence time of the effective precipitation types was mainly from afternoon to morning（14：00-06：00）,and long moderate rain mainly occurred at jointing stage during 10：00-15：00.（2）The trend and amount of all precipitation types were same.The short light rain increased at jointing and heading stages while decreased at milk ripe stage.Long light rain increased at jointing stage while decreased at heading and milk ripe stages.Short and long moderate rain types decreased during the three growth stages before 1998.After then,short moderate rain increased at heading and milk ripe stages and long moderate rain increased at jointing and milk ripe stages.（3）The spatial distribution of frequency and amount of the precipitation types was also identical.All precipitation types at jointing stage were high in north and low in south.At heading stage,the amounts of the short and long light rain types decreased from border to center,while the short and long moderate rain types increased from northeast to southwest.Distribution of short and long light rain types at milk ripe stage was consistent at heading stage.The amount of short moderate rain at milk ripe stage was high in north and low in south while that o

关 键 词：石津灌区 冬小麦生育期 逐时降水 有效降水 降水历时 

分 类 号：S271[农业科学—农业水土工程]