国家一级重点保护野生植物伯乐树的迁地保护技术研究  

Study on ex situ Conservation in Bretschneidera sinensis,a National Key Protected Wild Plant in China

作　　者：乔琦[1,2] 邢福武[2] 陈红锋[2] 刘东明[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471003 [2]中国科学院华南植物园,广东广州510650

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2016年第5期63-66,共4页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31170196);河南省科技攻关项目(122102110108);BGCI中国项目(6206/R4352)

摘　　要：伯乐树(Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl.),是我国特有的单种科植物和国家一级重点保护野生植物。作为第三纪孑遗植物在研究被子植物的系统发育和古地理、古气候等方面具有重要科学价值。本研究根据广东省的气候、土壤和地理等资料,在中国科学院华南植物园、从化种植基地和东莞市大岭山森林公园等地分别建立了伯乐树的引种栽培和迁地保护基地,通过分配种苗、定期监测和精心管理,为长期监测和保育伯乐树提供了必要的技术支撑和研究平台。研究结果表明迁地保护的基地应选在伯乐树的分布区附近,与原生境物候相似;合理的水肥管理可显著提高更新幼苗对胁迫环境的抗性和成活率。至2014年,华南植物园的植株株龄已达17年,共计9株,东莞市大岭山森林公园的植株株龄已达6年,约计2 000余株,均已经发展到幼树阶段,说明伯乐树的迁地保护获得初步进展。Bretscheneidera sinensis Hemsl. , a tertiary relict tree mainly distributed in China, was hsted in national key protected wild plants in 1999. B. sinensis is of great value to study phylogeny, ancient geography and ancient climate as a tertiary relict tree. In this study, ex situ cultivation and conservation practice was carried out in South China Botanic Garden, Conghua plantation and Dongguan Daling Mountain National Park. Effective measures and necessary platform for the long - term conservation and survey were provided by the regular monitor of the habitats, careful management, and allotment of the seedlings. Results indicated that proper water and fertilizer management could improve the resistance to the stress environment. It was recommended that the ex situ conservation base should be nearby the natural habitat and proper artificial maintenance was carried out to enhance its adaptability and survival rate significant- ly. By 2014, there are 9 individuals which average age are 17 years old in South China Botanic Garden, and about 2,000 saplings which average age are 6 years old in Dongguan Daling Mountain, which suggest that the ex situ conservation of B. sinensis achieved preliminary progress.

关 键 词：伯乐树 国家一级重点野生保护植物 迁地保护 

分 类 号：Q949.748.6[生物学—植物学]