叠前地震全波形反演实际应用的关键影响因素  

Key factors affecting the practical application of pre-stack seismic waveform inversion

作　　者：苗永康[1] MIAO Yong-Kang(Shengli Geophysical Research Institute of SINOPEC, Dongyin 257022, Chin)

机构地区：[1]中石化胜利油田物探研究院,山东东营257022

出　　处：《物探与化探》2016年第5期947-954,共8页Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration

基　　金：国家科技重大专项项目(2016ZX05006);中国石化科技项目(P15158)

摘　　要：叠前地震全波形反演是利用波动方程正演模拟来描述地震波传播特征,通过非线性局部寻优方法来获取高精度反演结果的方法。与其他反演方法相比,全波形反演利用的是叠前炮域地震数据,没有经过叠加处理,更好地保留了振幅、相位、频率等波形参数随偏移距变化的特征。在反演结果中得到的不再是简单的界面和旅行时信息,而是反映地层速度和构造特征的深度域数据体,有助于对地质体的分析和认识。从叠前全波形反演方法的优势出发,通过理论模型的全波形反演,分析做好全波形反演的技术关键,然后将全波形反演方法应用于实际资料处理,并将反演结果应用于偏移处理和河流相储层识别中,取得了良好的应用效果。最后针对全波形反演实际资料应用中应该注意的问题进行了总结,为叠前全波形反演的进一步发展和应用提供借鉴。Pre-stack seismic full waveform inversion（ FWI） is based on wave equation forward modeling technology to describe the propagation characteristics of seismic wave,using non-constrained iterative local optimization method to get high resolution inversion result. Compared with other inversion methods,FWI uses pre-stack common shot gather to perform inversion,in which the seismic data are free of the process of stack and preserve the features of waveform parameters variation with offset. The inversion result is no longer simple interface and traveltime information but depth-domain data volume which reflects formation velocity and structural characteristics,and this is helpful to the analysis and understanding of the geological body. In this paper,the technical advantages are analyzed in the aspect of pre-stack full waveform inversion methods,and the key technology to do a good job of pre-stack full waveform inversion is also analyzed through synthetic data. Furthermore,the technical advantages of pre-stack full waveform inversion are illustrated through inversion results in migration processing and its application in reservoir description of fluvial facies,and the existing difficulties and the future development direction of pre-stack seismic full waveform inversion are also analyzed,which will provide reference for further development and application of pre-stack seismic full waveform inversion.

关 键 词：全波形反演 技术优势 实际应用 联合建模 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]