西北寒旱区高坝水库的水温与冰情研究  

Water temperature and ice conditions of high-dam reservoirs in northwestern cold and arid regions

作　　者：周晨阳[1] 梁瑞峰[1] 肖尧[1] 李克锋[1] ZHOU Chenyang LIANG Ruifeng XIAO Yao LI Kefeng(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065)

机构地区：[1]四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,成都610065

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2016年第10期31-39,共9页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51379136;51279114)

摘　　要：为探究西部寒旱地区水库修建对水温、冰情的影响,采用垂向一维水温冰情模型及纵向一维水温模型,对黑河黄藏寺水库库区和坝下游河道水温、冰情进行了预测,并与建库前进行了对比和分析。研究结果表明:黄藏寺水库水温结构为分层型,冬季坝前水温呈逆温分布,水库的修建对库区及坝下河段冰情程度有一定的弱化,初冰时间较建库前推迟约1个月,冰情持续时间减少约20天,最大冰厚由建库前的0.76 m减小至0.49 m,坝下一定范围内不再有冰情出现;水库泄水出现了一定的春夏季低温水及秋冬季高温水现象,沿程水温在各时段均出现了不同程度的恢复效应。A vertical one-dimensional water temperature and ice condition model and a longitudinal onedimensional water temperature model have been developed in this study to explore the influence of reservoir construction on water temperature and ice conditions in the northwestern cold regions. These models were applied to a case study of the Huangcangsi reservoir and its downstream river channel, and different cases of reservoir operation were examined and compared with the natural condition. The results show that this reservoir is the type of thermal stratification with inversion profiles of its water temperature behind the dam in winter, and hence it produced certain effects of weakening ice formation. In comparison with the natural river, the start time of frazil ice was delayed by about one month; the lasting period of ice condition was cut down by roughly 20 days; the maximum ice thickness was reduced to 0.49 m from the corresponding value of 0.76 m in the natural condition. As a result, no ice condition was detected in a certain reach downstream of the dam, and in the sluicing occurred a phenomenon of lower water temperature in spring and summer and higher temperature in autumn and winter than those in the natural condition. And under the dam, monthly mean water temperature was recovering along the stretch to normal in different degrees.

关 键 词：数值模拟 冰情 水温分层 逆温分布 恢复效果 

分 类 号：TV697.2[水利工程—水利水电工程]