印度政府对毛派的非军事性遏制策略及存在的问题  

Indian Government's Non-military Containment Strategy against Maoists and It's Problems

作　　者：王晴锋[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学世界民族学人类学研究中心 [2]"中国文化走出去协同创新中心"

出　　处：《印度洋经济体研究》2016年第4期26-47,共22页Indian Ocean Economic and Political Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目"后冷战世界的民族冲突与治理特点研究"(项目编号:11ZD135)

摘　　要：印度的毛派运动已持续近半个世纪。在21世纪,印度政府试图树立一个现代民主大国的形象,毛派的存在持续威胁印度执政党的地位,并挑战印度的国际形象和大国治理能力。长期以来,印度政府以安全为核心的策略处理毛派运动。然而毛派运动不能被视为纯粹的内部安全问题,军事镇压虽然能够暂时地遏制毛派,但是它不能彻底摧毁整个运动,潜在的社会矛盾仍然存在。毛派运动运作于政治、经济和军事等不同的层面,印度政府也在不同层面采取相应的遏制措施。因此,除军事镇压外,印度政府还对毛派采取非军事性遏制策略,主要包括设立专门机构与特殊立法、经济发展与政治赋权、政治和解以及分化与诱降等。在政策实践中,存在一些问题,诸如国家政策不一致,缺乏协调行动;无法有效整合底层社会;经济发展乏力;以及缺乏监督与安置机制等。这使综合性的遏制策略未能完全取得政府预期的效果,但它逼迫毛派的主要力量局限在山地丛林之中,并克制其暴力袭击。Maoist Movement has last for more than 50 years in India. Indian Government tries to establish a modern and democratic country in 21 st century and the Maoist Movement is a threat for Indian national image. For a long time,Indian government deals with Maoism with security- centered strategy. While Maoism can't be treated as a pure internal security problem,military repression would contain it temporarily,but can't destroy the whole movement completely. The potential social contradictions still existed. Beside the military repression,Indian government adopt non- military containment strategies too,including establish special security agency and anti- terrorist laws,economic development and political empowerment,peace talk and lure into surrender,etc. Those comprehensive strategies have certain effects,compelling the main forces of Maoists restricted to remote forests,and restrain its violence attacks. Maoist movement operates in different levels of politics,economy and military,accordingly,the government adopt certain contain strategies in relative levels. The measures still face many challenges: lack of coordination in policy,difficulty in integrating the under privilege group,poor economic development,and lack of supervision. These problems lead to the lack of efficiency of policies.

关 键 词：印度毛派 “红色走廊” 纳萨尔主义 潘查亚特 和平谈判 

分 类 号：D735.1[政治法律—政治学]