中国粗榧生物碱的除草活性  

Herbicidal Activities of Alkaloids from Cephalotaxus sinensis

作　　者：马树杰[1] 刘琳[1] 芦小鹏 马志卿[1,2] 张兴[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学无公害农药研究服务中心,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省生物农药工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2016年第19期3746-3753,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"863"计划(2011AA10A202)

摘　　要：【目的】明确中国粗榧(Cephalotaxus sinensis)的除草活性成分,为进一步深入研究中国粗榧的除草作用打下基础。【方法】采用种子萌发法评价中国粗榧乙醇提取物、中国粗榧总生物碱及从中分离得到的8种生物碱(桥氧三尖杉碱、11-羟基三尖杉碱、贡山三尖杉碱A、异三尖杉碱、cephalotaxineβ-N-oxide、4-羟基三尖杉碱、台湾三尖杉碱和三尖杉碱)对红三叶(Trifolium pratense)、反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne)及高丹草(Sorghum sudanense)4种杂草种子幼根和幼芽的生长抑制作用;采用盆栽法测定中国粗榧乙醇提取物、中国粗榧总生物碱及各生物碱的鲜重抑制率。【结果】种子萌发试验表明,中国粗榧提取物、中国粗榧总生物碱及桥氧三尖杉碱、11-羟基三尖杉碱、三尖杉碱和cephalotaxineβ-N-oxide对红三叶种子具有较强的抑制作用,对幼根的有效中浓度(EC_(50))分别为634.35、690.47、69.47、71.21、174.11和243.12 mg·L^(-1),对幼芽的EC_(50)分别为411.79、413.11、68.52、139.25、237.72和413.62 mg·L^(-1);中国粗榧提取物、中国粗榧总生物碱及桥氧三尖杉碱、11-羟基三尖杉碱、三尖杉碱和cephalotaxineβ-N-oxide对反枝苋种子具有较强的抑制作用,对幼根的EC_(50)分别为176.32、29.69、21.01、48.08、199.57和90.74 mg·L^(-1),对幼芽的EC_(50)分别为257.69、46.20、25.51、47.85、65.08和66.34 mg·L^(-1);仅中国粗榧提取物、中国粗榧总生物碱及桥氧三尖杉碱对高丹草种子具有抑制作用,对幼根的EC_(50)分别为349.54、254.27和84.71 mg·L^(-1),对幼芽的EC_(50)分别为556.50、168.66和154.34 mg·L^(-1);仅中国粗榧提取物、cephalotaxineβ-N-oxide及桥氧三尖杉碱对黑麦草种子具有抑制作用,对幼根的EC_(50)分别为214.40、187.89和26.52 mg·L^(-1),对幼芽的EC_(50)分别为695.58、290.15和122.26 mg·L^(-1);盆栽试验表明,中国粗榧提取物、总生物碱及3种生物碱(桥氧�【Objective】The objective of this study is to evaluate herbicidal activity of alkaloids from Cephalotaxus sinensis against four species of weeds and provide a basis for its further study. 【Method】 C. sinensis extract, total alkaloids, and eigh talkaloids（drupacine, 11-hydroxycephalotaxine, cephalancetine A, isocephalotaxine, cephalotaxine β-N-oxide, 4-hydroxycephalotaxine, wilsonine and cephalotaxine） were measured by seed germination method and pot experiments, with Trifolium pretense, Amaranthus retroflexus, Lolium perenne and Sorghum sudanense as indicators.【Result】Seed germination experiment showed that C. sinensis extract, total alkaloids, drupacine, 11-hydroxycephalotaxine, cephalotaxine and cephalotaxine β-N-oxide had strong inhibiting effects on the growth of T. pretense with the EC_（50） values of 634.35, 690.47, 69.47, 71.21, 174.11 and 243.12 mg·L^（-1） against roots growth, and 411.79, 413.11, 68.52, 139.25, 237.72 and 413.62 mg·L^（-1） against stems growth, respectively. C. sinensis extract, total alkaloids, drupacine, 11-hydroxycephalotaxine, cephalotaxine and cephalotaxine β-N-oxide showed strong inhibiting effects on the growth of A. retroflexus with the EC_（50） values of 176.32, 29.69, 21.01, 48.08, 199.57 and 90.74 mg·L^（-1） against roots growth, and 257.69, 46.20, 25.51, 47.85, 65.08 and 66.34 mg·L^（-1） against stems growth, respectively. Only C. sinensis extract, total alkaloids and drupacine showed inhibiting effects on the growth of S. sudanense with the EC_（50） values of 349.54, 254.27 and 84.71 mg·L^（-1） against roots growth, and 556.50, 168.66 and 154.34 mg·L^（-1） against stems growth, respectively. Only C. sinensis extract, cephalotaxine β-N-oxide and drupacine showed inhibiting effects on the growth of L. perenne with the EC_（50） values of 214.40, 187.89 and 26.52 mg·L^（-1） against roots growth, and 695.58, 290.15 and 122.26 mg·L^（-1） against stems growth, respectively. The pot experiments showed that C. sinensis ex

关 键 词：中国粗榧 桥氧三尖杉碱 CEPHALOTAXINE β-N-oxide 除草活性 植物源农药 

分 类 号：S482.4[农业科学—农药学]