湛江新记录树种光叶柿及其人工育苗研究  

Diospyros diversilimba Merr. et Chun, a New Record Tree Species in Zhanjiang, and Its Propagation

作　　者：周红[1] 韩维栋[1] 蓝梓文 ZHOU Hong HAN Weidong LAN Ziwen(College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 52408)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学农学院,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2016年第9期17-21,共5页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"雷州半岛木本植物区系变迁及其驱动力研究"(No.31170511);国家海洋局公益项目"基于地埋管网技术的受损红树林生态保育研究及示范"(No.201505028)

摘　　要：光叶柿属华南地区珍稀树种,具有重要的开发价值。通过分布于湛江的光叶柿母株调查、果实及种子形态测定、苗期施肥试验研究,结果表明：光叶柿花期为1~3月,果实期3~6月,球形果实平均直径1.78 cm,平均单果重6.79 g;种子扁,近长圆形,长约1 cm,宽约5 mm,新鲜种子千粒重157.3 g;直播种子于41 d后发芽出苗,于生长63 d后平均树高9.98 cm,平均地径1.55 mm,生长163 d后平均树高26.11 cm,平均地径3.43 mm。施用肥料相对生长量由高到低顺序为氮肥〉复合肥〉有机肥〉钾肥〉磷肥〉未施肥。及格苗率氮肥和复合肥效果最明显。建议进一步加强其野生母树保护和引种育苗管理研究。Diospyros diversilimba Merr. et Chun is a rare and precious tree species in South China, with a high value for development. A survey was made of the D. diversilimba ortets, morphology of fruit and seeds determined, and fertilizer application experiments conducted at the nursery stage in Zhanjiang. Results showed that it bloomed from January to March, and set fruit from March to June. The mature fruit was spherical, 1.78 cm in diameter and weighed 6.79 g/fruit by average; the seeds were about 1 cm long, about 0.5 mm wide, and 157.3 g for 1000 fresh seeds, and germinated 41 days after sowing; the seedlings grew 9.98 cm high and 1.55 mm in basal diameter at the sowing day 63, 26.11 cm high and 3.43 mm in basal diameter at the sowing day 163. The relative growth of the seedlingings increased with fertilizer application in the order of the nitrogen fertilizer 〉 the compound fertilizer 〉 the organic fertilizer 〉 the K fertilizer 〉 the P fertilizer 〉 no fertilizer. The nitrogen fertilizer and the compound fertilizer were best to produce qualified seedlings. It is recommended to conserve the wild mother plants of D. diversilimba and improve their nursery management.

关 键 词：光叶柿 生物学特性 人工育苗技术 保护利用 

分 类 号：S667[农业科学—果树学]