甲壳类生长相关基因研究进展  

Progress on the Research of the Growth-related Genes in Crustaceans

作　　者：阎斌伦[1] 薛蓓 赵莲 高焕[1] YAN Binlun XUE Bei ZHAO Lian and GAO Huan(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, Chin Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, Chin)

机构地区：[1]江苏省海洋生物技术重点实验室,淮海工学院,江苏连云港222005 [2]江苏省海洋生物产业技术协同创新中心,江苏连云港222001 [3]江苏省农业种质资源保护与利用平台,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2016年第4期97-104,共8页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31472282);江苏省高校自然科学研究项目(13KJA240001);江苏省农业科技支撑计划(BE2013363);江苏省2015年度普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(KYLX15-1486);淮海工学院大学生科技创新创业基金项目共同资助

摘　　要：甲壳类动物是需要蜕皮才能生长的一类特殊生物,因而其生长相关基因及其调控机制具有一定的特殊性,这些基因主要涉及到蜕皮相关基因和肌肉生长相关基因。蜕皮相关基因主要有蜕皮抑制激素(MIH)基因、高血糖激素(CHH)基因、蜕皮激素受体(EcR)基因、维甲酸-X-受体(RXR)基因和E75基因等;肌肉生长相关基因主要有肌动蛋白(actin)基因、肌肉生长抑制激素(MSTN/GDF11)基因和p38基因等。本文对这些基因的功能及其调控机制的最新研究进展进行了综述,并提出了未来有待加强的几个研究方向,以期为展开甲壳类生长相关基因更深入的研究提供指导帮助。In crustaceans, periodic shedding of the exoskeleton is one of the most important physiologi- cal processes essential for crustacean growth including molting and muscle development. Thus, the growth-related genes and their regulation mechanism in crustaceans are quite different from other species. This paper reviews the progress on the research of the growth-related genes which play an important role in the molting process and muscle development. Those genes related to the molting process contain molt-inhibiting hormone （MIH）, crustacean hyperglycemic hormone （CHH）, ecdysteroid receptor （EcR）, retinoic acid X receptor （RxR）, E75 and so on. MIH and CHH, belonging to a peptide family （the CHH family）, are involved in regulation of extending the length of the intermolt period. Ecdysteroids in the crustaceans are known to initiate the molting process through binding to the conserved heterodimeric nuclear receptor： EcR and RXR. E75, ecdysteroid inducible gene, is a primary target of EcR, might be related to the molting and survival of crustaceans. Addition to the growth-re- lated genes involved with molting, there are some genes regulate muscle development and degradation involved in molting. They are actin gene, myostain/growth differential factor 11 （MSTN/GDF11）, p38 and so on. Actins are highly conserved structural proteins that are expressed ubiquitously in eukaryotic cells, and researchers find that actins play a part in muscle build-up during the molt cycle in crustaceans. As well as MSTN/GDF11, the identification of p38 in the crustaceans has promoted investigations of their functions, especially with respect to their ability to regulate muscle growth in crustaceans. Unlike vertebrates where MSTN and p38 show a certain regulation of growth, the regulation mechanism of above genes needs further research in crustaceans.

关 键 词：甲壳类动物 生长相关基因 蜕皮相关基因 肌肉生长相关基因 调控机制 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学]