水氮耦合对滴灌复播油葵氮素吸收与土壤硝态氮的影响  被引量:19

Effects of Water-Nitrogen Coupling on Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrate Accumulation in Soil of Oil Sunflower in Drip-irrigated Multiple Cropping System

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作  者:王振华[1,2] 权丽双 郑旭荣[1,2] 裴磊[1,2] 

机构地区:[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,石河子832000 [2]石河子大学现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,石河子832000

出  处:《农业机械学报》2016年第10期91-100,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基  金:"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD20B03);石河子大学高层次人才项目(RCZX201433);兵团中青年科技创新领军人才项目(2015BC001)

摘  要:为了解新疆北部石河子地区水氮耦合对滴灌复播油葵的氮素累积、转运分配与吸收利用及土壤硝态氮累积动态的影响,以大田试验为基础,结合室内试验,以当地油葵主栽早熟品种“新葵杂五号”为供试材料,在滴灌条件下进行水氮二因素三水平完全处理小区试验。结果表明,不同水氮组合的滴灌复播油葵各器官氮素累积生育前期均以叶片为主,生育后期均以花盘为主。水氮组合对滴灌复播油葵各器官在各生育期对氮素的累积、分配、转运与吸收利用及油葵产量均具有显著(p〈0.05)或极显著(p〈0.01)的互作效应。适当范围内(施纯氮量小于等于232 kg/hm2、灌水量小于等于3 000 m3/hm2)增水增氮可以促进油葵各器官对氮素的有效累积,促进油葵氮素的转运与吸收利用,达到促进油葵高产的目的。水氮耦合对滴灌复播油葵土壤硝态氮累积量影响显著。随施氮量增加,0~80 cm土壤硝态氮累积量增加;随灌水量增加,土壤硝态氮累积量在0~40 cm土层降低,在40~80 cm土层增加;收获后,随灌水量和施氮量增加,土壤硝态氮相对累积量在40~80 cm土层增加,在0~40 cm土层降低。结合油葵产量与植株对氮素吸收转运的表现,该试验最佳花盘全氮增加量为2.16 g/株,产量为3 597.11 kg/hm2,最优水氮组合为灌水3 000 m3/hm2,施纯氮232 kg/hm2。In order to understand the effects of water-nitrogen coupling on nitrogen accumulation,transportation and distribution,absorption and utilization,and dynamics of nitrate accumulation in soil of drip-irrigation multiple cropping oil sunflower in Shihezi area in the northern Sinkiang,based on field experiment,and combined with laboratory experiment,local early maturing variety "new No. 5 hybrid oil sunflower"was taken as test materials,and a three-level complete treatment plot experiment of two factors of water and nitrogen under drip irrigation was conducted. Results showed that nitrogen accumulations of all organs of drip-irrigation multiple cropping oil sunflowers of different water-nitrogen combinations were centered by blades at earlier growth stage and by flower disc at late growth stage. Water-nitrogen combination had prominent( p 〈0. 05) or extremely prominent( p 〈0. 01) interaction effect on accumulation,distribution,transportation,absorption and utilization of nitrogen and production of oil sunflowers of all their organs at each growth stage. Appropriate water and nitrogen augment( pure nitrogen amount no more than 232 kg/hm~2,irrigation amount no more than 3 000 m3/hm~2) can promoteeffective nitrogen accumulation of each organ of oil flowers and transportation and utilization of nitrogen of oil sunflowers,thus the goal of high production of oil sunflowers was realized. Water and nitrogen coupling significantly affected the nitrate accumulation in soil. With the increase of nitrogen application,the accumulation amount of nitrate in 0 ~ 80 cm soil layer was increased; with the increase of irrigation water,the nitrate accumulation of 0 ~ 40 cm soil layer was decreased,and that of 40 ~ 80 cm soil layer was increased; after harvest,with the increase of irrigation water and nitrogen application,the relative accumulation of nitrate in 40 ~ 80 cm soil layer was increased,and that of 0 ~ 40 cm soil layer was decreased. Combining production of oil sunflowers and performance of pla

关 键 词:油葵 滴灌复播 水氮耦合 氮素吸收 土壤硝态氮累积 

分 类 号:S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]

 

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