农户采纳节水灌溉的经济及技术评价研究——以通辽市玉米生产为例  

The economic and technical evaluation of water saving farming-Case study in Tongliao region

作　　者：吕杰[1] 金雪[1] 韩晓燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学经济管理学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2016年第10期151-157,共7页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑项目旱作农业关键技术研究与示范项目风沙半干旱区防蚀增效旱作农业技术集成与示范(2012BAD09B02);国家自然科学基金委员会资助项目东北四省区节水增粮行动中农户技术采纳与增产的影响因素研究(71303160)资助

摘　　要：技术的经济效益及技术效果对技术推广具有重要意义。文中基于通辽市农户玉米生产田块尺度的调查数据,从节水灌溉技术的成本收益、技术使用的产量效果两方面对节水灌溉技术进行经济及技术评价,目的是分析不同推广条件的影响,考量技术使用效果。研究结果表明:项目区农户、经营规模30-50亩、高中及以上学历、一兼农户等条件下,推广节水灌溉技术具有更高的比较优势。该区域玉米生长期最佳用水量处于200m^3/亩到300m^3/亩区间。玉米节水灌溉的增产效果在10kg/亩左右,成本收益效果在130元/亩左右。因此,节水灌溉能够显著节约农户生产成本,实现粮食增产,适宜在有条件地区推广使用。The economic and technical effects have important influence on the promotion of technology. Based on the field scale data from the survey to Tongliao city, we evaluated the economic and technical effects of water- saving irrigation technology and analyzed the extension conditions of the water - saving irrigation technology by a- dopting the methods of cost - benefit comparison and production function. The results indicate that some specific farmers have a higher comparative advantage in using water- saving irrigation technology such as farmers in the project area, owning farmland more than 50 acres, with high school or a higher education and the agricultural - oriented part -time farmers. The conclusion shows the optimal irrigation water is 200 -300m3/mu for maize at Tongliao region and the increase yield is about 10kg/mu as well as with a about 130Yuan/mu net benefits. So the water saving irrigation can significantly save farmers production cost and increase grain output. It is reasona- ble to be extension in conditional region.

关 键 词：节水灌溉 经济评价 技术评价 成本收益 生产函数 

分 类 号：F325.27[经济管理—产业经济] S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]