省以下分权改革促进地方基本公共服务供给吗?——来自四川省“扩权强县”改革的经验证据  

Has Decentralization Reform Improved Local Public Service Supply?——An Empirical Analysis on the Reform of "Expanding Counties' Power" in Sichuan Province

作　　者：郑浩生[1] 李东坤[2] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学公共管理学院,广州510642 [2]西南交通大学中国高铁发展战略研究中心,成都610031

出　　处：《公共管理学报》2016年第4期42-52,共11页Journal of Public Management

基　　金：2016年教育部人文社科青年项目(16YJC790044);广州市哲学社会科学规划课题"公共服务财政支出绩效实证研究"

摘　　要：学术界关于我国省以下分权改革与地方基本公共服务供给水平的关系尚未形成定论。利用四川省"扩权强县"改革的样本数据,文章实证检验了"扩权强县"改革对县(市)级基本公共服务供给水平的影响效应。研究发现:(1)"扩权强县"改革显著提升了扩权县(市)交通基础设施这一"经济性"公共服务供给水平,且作用强度在时间维度上呈自我强化之势;改革对扩权县(市)基础教育这一"民生性"公共服务供给水平的影响为负,并随时间的推进不断增强但不显著;(2)相较于经济发展水平较低的县(市),"扩权强县"改革对拥有较高经济发展水平的扩权县(市)公共服务供给作用更为显著,不仅在更大程度上促进了扩权县(市)交通基础设施供给水平,还显著降低了扩权县(市)基础教育的供给水平;(3)上述结论在区分扩权县(市)不同改革批次、考虑改革滞后效应后仍然成立。基于实证研究结论与机制分析,提出推进"扩权强县"改革的政策建议:省级政府应综合考虑经济、人口和产业等因素因地制宜推进分权改革;建立以民生发展指标与GDP增长指标并重的复合型政府绩效评价体系;建立"放权"激励和"管权"约束相结合的监管机制;发挥纵向转移支付制度促进基本公共服务供给均等化的政策效果。The relationship between the decentralization reform and local basic public service supply under the provincial level has not yet got a clear conclusion. This paper,on the basis of 2003—2013 social and economic data of 59 power-enhancing counties in Sichuan Province,offers an empirical test of the impact of 'Expanding counties' power' reform on county-level public service supply,with the findings of:(1) The reform of 'Expanding counties' power' has remarkably promoted county-level 'Economic' public service supply(i.e.transport infrastructure),and its impact intensity has kept rising in the time dimension;the reform has made a negative impact on 'Welfare-related' public supply(such as basic education service) in power-enhancing counties,this effect strengthens with time goes by,but is not significant.(2) Compared with counties with a lower level of economic development,the reform not only has a more stronger impact on transport infrastructure supply,but also a remarkable negative effect on basic education service in those with higher economic development level. All conclusions remain tenable after distinguishing different reform batches and the reform's lagged effects. Further discussion found that the logical relationship between decentralization reform and public service supply is closely related to the strengthened inter-county(city) 'race-to-the-bottom' competition,the imperfect provincial restraint mechanism,and political incentives. Based on these empirical findings,this paper recommends:The provincial government should consider the economic,demographic,industrial and other county-level conditions when promoting 'Expanding Counties' Power' decentralization reform;including the'Welfare-related' public service indicator into local officials' appraisal and promotion system,establishing a composite government performance evaluation system with both human development index and GDP growth index;building up incentive mechanism and restriction mechanism at the same time;including transfer payment system reform int

关 键 词：省以下分权 “扩权强县”改革 公共服务供给 复合型政府绩效评价体系 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]