长沙市一次重霾污染条件下环境空气质量预报研究  

Study on Air Quality Forecast Under the Condition of Primary Heavy Haze Pollution in Changsha

作　　者：张琴 彭庆庆[1,2,3] 罗岳平 杨云芸 刘妍妍 曾钰 Zhang Qin Peng Qin qin Luo Yue ping Yamg Yun yun LIU Yan yan Zeng yu(Hunan Environment Monitoring Centre, Chang sha H unan 410019, China National Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Pollution Monitoring, Changsha Hunan 410019, China College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha Hunan 410012, China Hunan Meteorological Observatory, Changsha Hunan 410018, China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省环境监测中心站,湖南长沙410019 [2]国家环境保护重金属污染监测重点实验室,湖南长沙410019 [3]湖南大学环境科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410012 [4]湖南省气象台,湖南长沙410118

出　　处：《绿色科技》2016年第20期20-24,共5页Journal of Green Science and Technology

基　　金：环保部公益性行业科研专项(编号:201509019);湖南省环保科技项目;湖南省城市环境空气中PM2.5及特殊项目污染现状调查及评估研究

摘　　要：以2014年6月12~17日在长沙市发生的一次空气重污染过程为例,对长沙市大气污染整体水平、周重点城市空气质量变化情况、污染物浓度变化走向及趋势、污染特征进行了分析,并结合风、湿度、气压等气象参数对未来72h城市空气质量进行了预报。结果表明：外源输入性污染是导致此次灰霾发生的不可控原因,在当地污染源排放基本稳定的前提下,均压场、静风、逆温、暖湿气流、降水等气象条件的准确判断是开展空气质量预报的关键。15日,长沙市高空为高压环流形势,无明显降水,均压场形势,近地面静风或微风,大气稳定度较高,不利于污染物的扩散和清除;16日,受高空槽和地面气旋波影响,偏南风加强,并迎来一段阴雨天气,大气污染扩散条件有所改善,污染天气有所缓和;17日,西南暖湿气流旺盛,中低层有切变,长沙市区阴天,并有中等阵雨或雷阵雨。降雨发生后,污染物浓度迅速降低,污染过程结束。Taking an air pollution process in Changsha City from June 12th to 17th in 2014 for example, the overall level of air pollution in Changsha, the variation of air quality in key cities, the trend of pollutant concentration and the pollution characteristics were analyzed. Air quality of the city in the next 72 hours was forecasted by combining with the meteorological parameters such as wind, humidity, air pressure and so on. The results showed that the exogenous input of pollution was the leading cause of this uncontrolled occurrence of haze. On the premise of the basic stability of the local pollution sources, the accurate judgment of the meteorological conditions such as uniform pressure field, static wind, inversion, warm air and precipitation were the key to carrying out the air quality forecast. On the 15th , Changsha city was under high pressure circulation situation with no significant precipitation, uniform pressure field situation, static wind or breeze on the near surface and high atmospheric stability which were not conducive to the removal and spread of pollutants. On the 16th , Changsha was affected by the high altitude trough and ground cyclone wave with the southerly wind strengthened and a rainy weather. The air pollution diffusion condition was improved and pollution weather was eased. On the 17th , southwest warm air was strong, middle and low layer had shear, the weather in Changsha urban was cloudy and had moderate showers or thunderstorms. After the rain, the pollutant concentration decreased rapidly and the pollution process ended.

关 键 词：霾 重污染 气象条件 空气质量预报 外源输入 

分 类 号：P458[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]