2006-2014年大连市道路交通伤害监测数据回顾性分析  

Analysis of road traffic injury in Dalian during 2006-2014

作　　者：周毅恒[1] 王晓锋[1] 关磊[1] 姜杰[1] 陈杨[2] 

机构地区：[1]大连市疾病预防控制中心,辽宁大连116021 [2]大连医科大学,辽宁大连116021

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2016年第20期3807-3810,3814,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的 了解大连市道路交通伤害流行特征,为开展干预提供依据。方法 采用描述流行病学的方法,回顾性分析大连市3所伤害监测医院急诊收治的道路交通伤害病例信息。结果 2006-2014年共收集道路交通伤害病例24 905例,男女性别比为1.3∶1,21-30岁年龄组病例所占的比例最高（23.8%）,专业技术人员和商业服务人员占职业分布的前2位;公路/街道（83.8%）是该类伤害发生的主要地点,发生高峰时间分别为上午9时和下午18时;发生伤害时的活动前2位分别为驾乘交通工具（44.6%）和休闲活动（37.5%）;病例头部受伤比例（31.6%）最高,主要为挫伤和骨折,分别占62.6%和17.4%,并且随年龄的增长,骨折比例逐渐上升（rs=0.91,P=0.002）;伤害严重程度较重,中、重度伤害占21.9%,并随着年龄的增长,中、重度伤害程度比例逐渐增大（rs=0.76,P=0.028）,住院和死亡比例（21.0%）也较高。结论大连市道路交通伤害干预应重点关注青、中年男性人群,并且加强头部等重点部位的防护,最大程度减少并降低该类伤害的发生和严重程度。Objective The study aimed to assess the epidemiological characteristics of road traffic injuries in Dalian, in order to provide scientific basis for making appropriate intervention measures. Methods Cases of road traffic injuries with patient visiting emergency rooms in 3 injury surveillance sentinel hospitals from 2006 to 2014 in Dalian were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method. Results A total of 24905 cases of road traffic injuries were collected, with a male to female ratio of 1.3. The injuries occurred most frequently between the ages of 21 to 30 （23.8%）; professionals and business men were the most vulnerable population; 83.8% injuries occurred on road/street, and the peak time of incidence was at 9 am and 18 pm, respectively. The injuries occurred more frequently during driving/riding a vehicle （44.6%） and recreational acitivities （37.5%）. The most common injured positions were the head （63.3%）. The main symptom of road traffic injures was bruise or superficial injuries （62.6%） and fracture （17.4%）, and the proportion of fracture among the symptoms gradually increased with the age of patients （rs =0.91,P=0.002）. Injuries of moderate and severe levels accounted for 21.9%. The rate of hospitalization and death was 21%. With the increase in age, the proportion of moderate and severe injuries （rs=0.76, P= 0.028） and the rate of hospitalization and death increased. Conclusion The intervention of road traffic injury in Dalian should focus on the youth and the middle-aged male population, with emphasis on head protection, so as to maximally reduce the occurrence of injuries.

关 键 词：道路交通伤害 监测 医院 

分 类 号：R181.2[医药卫生—流行病学]