清代新疆渔业研究  

A Study on the Fishery of Xinjiang During the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：鲁靖康[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学历史与旅游文化学院,山西临汾041000

出　　处：《古今农业》2016年第3期52-63,共12页Ancient and Modern Agriculture

摘　　要：新疆渔业历史悠久。清朝统一新疆后,以捕捞野生资源为主的渔业生产空前发展,形成了五大产鱼区和三大消费区。鱼类除食用外,兼具观赏娱乐、饲用和装饰功能。有"耀鱼法"、"药鱼法"和"围湖法"等三种独特的捕捞技术。形成了一些与鱼有关的、具有地域特色的物候和民俗文化。气候干旱寒冷、消费群体小、错误的观念认识、宗教信仰的制约、水域逐渐丧失以及农垦争水是影响清代新疆渔业发展的主要因素。The fishery of Xinjiang had a long history. The fishery production developed un- precedentedly after Qing dynasty unified Xinjiang, emerged five producing zones and three consuming zones. Fishes can be used as food and feed, and has ornamental decorative val- ues. Light luring, poisoning, and lake enclosing were three unique production tech- niques. Some phonological and folkloric cultures which were relevant to fishery and had re- gional characteristics had emerged. Dry and cold weather, limited consumers, improper per- ceptions, religious constraints, shrinking water areas and competition to water with faming were the main constraints to development of fisherv in Xinjiang during Qing dynasty.

关 键 词：清代 新疆 渔业 渔业技术与文化 制约因素 

分 类 号：F329[经济管理—产业经济] S9-09[农业科学—水产科学]