Deciphering the epitranscriptome： A green perspective  

作　　者：Alice Burgess 

机构地区：[1]School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005 Australia [2]School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The WaiteResearch Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005 Australia [3]The University of Adelaide and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint International Centre for Agriculture and Health, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Adelaide,Australia

出　　处：《Journal of Integrative Plant Biology》2016年第10期822-835,共14页植物学报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by ARC grants DP110103805 and FT13100525 awarded to I.S.and an APA and a GRDC PhD topup scholarship awarded to A.B.

摘　　要：The advent of high-throughput sequencing technol- ogies coupled with new detection methods of RNA modifica- tions has enabled investigation of a new layer of gene regulation - the epitranscriptome. With over loo known RNA modifications, understanding the repertoire of RNA modifications is a huge undertaking. This review summarizes what is known about RNA modifications with an emphasis on discoveries in plants. RNA ribose modifications, base methyl- ations and pseudouridylation are required for normal develop- ment in Arabidopsis, as mutations in the enzymes modifying them have diverse effects on plant development and stress responses. These modifications can regulate RNA structure, turnover and translation. Transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA modifications have been mapped extensively and their functions investigated in many organisms, including plants. Recent work exploring the locations, functions and targeting of N6-methyladenosine （m^6A）, 5-methylcytosine （m^5C）, pseudour- idine （up）, and additional modifications in mRNAs and ncRNAs are highlighted, as well as those previously known on tRNAs and rRNAs. Many questions remain as to the exact mechanisms of targeting and functions of specific modified sites and whether these modifications have distinct functions in the different classes of RNAs.The advent of high-throughput sequencing technol- ogies coupled with new detection methods of RNA modifica- tions has enabled investigation of a new layer of gene regulation - the epitranscriptome. With over loo known RNA modifications, understanding the repertoire of RNA modifications is a huge undertaking. This review summarizes what is known about RNA modifications with an emphasis on discoveries in plants. RNA ribose modifications, base methyl- ations and pseudouridylation are required for normal develop- ment in Arabidopsis, as mutations in the enzymes modifying them have diverse effects on plant development and stress responses. These modifications can regulate RNA structure, turnover and translation. Transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA modifications have been mapped extensively and their functions investigated in many organisms, including plants. Recent work exploring the locations, functions and targeting of N6-methyladenosine （m^6A）, 5-methylcytosine （m^5C）, pseudour- idine （up）, and additional modifications in mRNAs and ncRNAs are highlighted, as well as those previously known on tRNAs and rRNAs. Many questions remain as to the exact mechanisms of targeting and functions of specific modified sites and whether these modifications have distinct functions in the different classes of RNAs.

关 键 词：RNA modifications epitranscriptome RNA 5-methylcytosine （m^5C） N^6-methyladenosine （m^6A） Pseudouridine （φ） ARABIDOPSIS 

分 类 号：Q945.12[生物学—植物学] S884.21[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]