立宪君主制时期埃及宗教政治认同复兴的原因探析  

The Anatomy of the Factors in the Revival of Islamic Identification in Egyptian Constitutional Monarchy Era

作　　者：谢志恒[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学历史学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《外国问题研究》2016年第3期29-40,118,共12页FOREIGN HISTORY STUDIES

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金青年项目"现代埃及世俗政治与宗教政治互动关系的历史考察"(编号:13CSS021)

摘　　要：立宪君主制时期,埃及经历了官方自由民族主义认同的衰落和伊斯兰政治认同的复兴,二者呈现出内在的逻辑承继关系。体现自由民族主义理念的立宪政府无视或有意模糊世俗与宗教的冲突,造成一定程度上的认同定位危机。同时,自由民族主义政党无力维持宪政的有效平稳运作,曾经热情追随自由民族主义的知识青年在困顿的现实面前改变了自己的政治认同。这些自由民族主义衰落的迹象揭示了这样一个社会现实:埃及仍然是一个传统思想观念占主导的社会,自由民族主义并没有成为共同体普遍的政治认同,自由民族主义者的合法性在于他追求民族独立的目标,由于他自身的阶级局限,他不能实现国家独立的最终目标,也不能解决社会所面临的经济危机,不可避免地走上了衰亡的道路。而这也是伊斯兰认同复兴的原因。穆斯林兄弟会在本质上是一个用改革了的伊斯兰思想为指导,暴力反抗各种失败意识形态和自由民族主义政权统治失败的民众政治组织,它的成功是宪政体制失败的结果。In the era of constitutional monarchy,Egyptian ideology changed alternately from the fall of Liberal Nationalism to the revival of Islamism.The neglect or ambiguity of the Constitutional Governments in the conflict between reason and religion led to a crisis of orientation.Liberal Nationalistic Parties failed to make the regime of constitutionalism stable and effective and the educated youth who were passionate followers of Liberal Nationalism converted their political identification to others,all of those weakening signs revealed the realities that Egypt was still a society prevailing traditional ideology;that Liberal Nationalism was not a general identification of the political community;that legality of the Liberal Nationalists lay in their task of achieving national independence.However,for the reason of their class limits,Liberal Nationalists who couldn't realize the complete independence,nor did the social-economic crisis resolve,became the foe of people,and made an opportunity for the revival of Islamism.The Muslim Brothers was essentially a mass political organization,which was guided by reformist Islam,fought against various unsuccessful ideologies and failed policies of Liberal Nationalist regime.

关 键 词：埃及 立宪君主制 自由民族主义 宗教政治认同 

分 类 号：D741.1[政治法律—政治学]