大国效应、交易成本和经济结构--国家贫富的一般均衡分析  

Large Country Effect,Transaction Cost and Economic Structure:A General Equilibrium Analysis of Rich and Poor Countries

作　　者：李君华[1,2] 欧阳峣[3,2] Li Junhua Ouyang Yao(Hubei University of Economies Hunan Normal University)

机构地区：[1]湖北经济学院经济与环境资源学院 [2]湖南师范大学大国经济研究中心,邮政编码430205 [3]湖南师范大学商学院

出　　处：《经济研究》2016年第10期27-40,共14页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(15BJL072)、国家社会科学基金重大项目(15ZDB132);国家自然科学基金项目(71573083)

摘　　要：人口规模和国土面积是大国两个最主要的自然特征,从这两个自然特征出发可推导出"大国效应"是否存在及其存在的条件。通常,土地面积与国家人均收入有正向关系,而人口规模与国家之间的收入差距呈倒U型关系。在土地面积和其它条件给定的情况下,若一国人口规模适度偏大,该国人均收入将会高于小国;但是,若该国人口规模超出一定限度,该大国会因拥挤而丧失其优势。进一步的研究表明,市场交易成本、经济结构差异和国家之间的开放程度都有可能显著地减弱和逆转大国效应。可见,大国效应的形成需要一定条件,国家规模与贫富差距并非简单的线性关系。Population size and land area are the two most important natural features of large countries. The existence of the large country effect and the condition of its existing can be inferred from the two natural features. The per capita income has a positive relationship with land area, but an inverted U-shaped connection with population size. Under land area and other conditions given, if the population size of a country is moderately high, the per capita incomes in this country will be higher than that in a small country. However, if population size is too large, the large countries wiU weaken or reverse its large country effect due to the over-crowded population. It is further showed that the effect of large country will possibly be weakened or reversed due to market transaction cost, differences of economic structure and the lower openness between countries. Obviously, it requires certain conditions to form the effect of large country. The relationship between national scale and the gap between rich and poor is not simply linear.

关 键 词：大国效应 经济结构 国家之间的贫富差距 

分 类 号：F113.8[经济管理—国际贸易]