行星保护的防控环节分析及实施建议  

Prevention and Control Links Analysis and Implementation Suggestions of Planetary Protection

作　　者：张兰涛[1] 杨宏[1] 印红 魏传锋[1] 温博 

机构地区：[1]中国空间技术研究院载人航天总体部,北京100094 [2]航天神舟生物科技集团有限公司,北京100190 [3]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094

出　　处：《航天器工程》2016年第5期105-110,共6页Spacecraft Engineering

基　　金：国家重大科技专项工程

摘　　要：行星保护是指在深空探测任务中,通过采取一定的预防和控制手段,避免地球和地外星球之间发生交叉生物污染的活动,这对于地球生物安全和生命起源探索均具有重要的意义。文章明确了行星保护概念应包括避免地球的物质污染地外星球(正向污染)和避免带回的地外星球物质污染地球(逆向污染)。对已有的行星保护任务类别进行分析,重点讨论了行星探测任务中的生物污染防控环节及其特点,如正向污染中的选材、生产、运输、发射、飞行等环节,以及逆向污染中的样品采集、返回、运输、研究和销毁环节。最后,从正向污染、逆向污染及策略3个角度,提出了行星保护的实施建议,如探索灭菌方法、建立材料数据库、无菌总装及返回样品的密封、保存、隔离、销毁等。Planetary protection means avoiding cross contamination between the earth and other planets by using the prevention and control method, which is significantly important for the bio- logical safety of the earth and the exploration of the origin of life. In this paper, specific meaning of the planetary protection concept is determined, which includes preventing the planets from the contaminations of the earth （forward contamination） and avoiding the substance from the planets contaminating the earth （backward contamination）. Then,the divided categories of planetary pro- tection are analyzed according to the different tasks. Based on the survey data,the characteristics and links of biological contamination are emphatically discussed during the process of planetary protection, e. g. the forward contamination links, material selection, manufacturing, transporting, launching, flying,and the back contamination links ： sampling, returning, researching and destro- ying. At last, some implementing suggestions are proposed from the perspectives of forward con-tamination,backward contamination and strategy such as exploring sterilization method, building material database, aseptic assembling during the forward contamination links, and the sealing, sto- ring, separating, destroying of the returned samples.

关 键 词：行星保护 地球生物安全 生命起源 生物污染 

分 类 号：V52[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]