2007-2014年重庆市合川区麻疹流行病学特征分析  

Analyze the Epidemic Characteristic Measles in Hechuan District Chongqing City From 2007 to 2014

作　　者：李雯雯[1] 李亚斐[1] 

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学预防系

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2016年第11期1201-1205,共5页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的了解重庆市合川区2007-2014年麻疹疫情的流行病学特征,为针对性的提出麻疹防控策略提供理论依据。方法采用描述性流行病学研究方法研究重庆市合川区2007-2014年麻疹疫情资料。结果 8年内监测系统累计报告麻疹确诊病例489例,累计报告发病率为4.56/10万;2007年和2008年为麻疹的高发年份,年发病率分别为16.01/10万和8.37/10万,均为散发病例,无暴发病例报告;季节分析显示,全年各月份均有病例报告,但存在明显的季节性特征,其中以3~7月为麻疹的高发月份,5月为发病高峰;男女性别比为1.41∶1,男性发病数高于女性;年龄分布主要集中为小年龄组,但成人也有报告病例,报告病例年龄最小者为2月龄,最大年龄为46岁;接种史分析仅对2009-2014年的报告病例分析,其中无免疫史者17例,免疫史不详者56例,无免疫史或免疫史不详的病例占2009-2014年总病例的49%;有免疫史者70例,占2009-2014年总病例的51%;职业分析结果为,散居儿童160例,占总病例的33%,学生213例,占总病例的46%。结论重庆市合川区的麻疹疫情呈现明显的下降趋势,麻疹发病主要为散居儿童和学生。提高麻疹疫苗的接种率和免疫成功率是降低麻疹的发病率乃至消除麻疹的关键措施;现阶段麻疹控制应是加强计划免疫管理,调整免疫策略,完善监测系统,开展强化免疫活动。Objective To learn the characteristic of epidemiology on measles in Hechuan district Chongqing city from 2007 to 2014 and provide scientific evidence for measles control and prevention. Methods Descriptive ep- idemiology method was used to analyze the surveillance data of Hechnan district. Results 489 cases were repor- ted from the surveillance system in 8 years, the reported measles incidence rate was 4. 56 per 10 000; year 2007 and 2008 were regarded as the high incidence rate reported years among the 8 years, with incidence rate 16.01 per 10 000 and 8.37 per 10 000 respectively. All the cases were sporadic, no outbreak case was detec- ted. Through the seasonal analysis, it shows that most of the cases were reported on March to July, the climax showed up on May. Sex ratio of cases is 1.41 , there were more male cases than female. Most of the cases were children, several adult cases were reported, too. The youngest ease was 2 months age, and the oldest case was 46 years old. Immunogical history analysis was conducted among the cases reported during 2009 to 2014. 17 cases had no immunogical records, and 56 cases with an unknown immunogical, the non - immuned cases and unknown cases occupied 49 percent of all the cases repor- ted during 2009 to 2014. 70 cases have at least one dose measles related vaccine, accounting for 51 percent of allthe case. 160 cases were scattered children, accounting for 33%, and 213 cases were students, accounting for 16% of total cases. Conclusion there is a obvious downtrend of incidence rate of measles in Hechuan district during 2009 to 2014, most of the cases are children, with several adults. The main measure to prevent and control measles is to improve the rate of vaccination and the rate of successful immunization.

关 键 词：麻疹 流行特征 分析 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学]