不同滴灌模式下种植密度对棉花冠层结构特性的调节  

Effect of Planting Density on Canopy Structure Characteristics of Cotton under Different Drip Irrigation Patterns

作　　者：牛玉萍[1] 陈宗奎 陈厚川 鞠迪[1] 罗宏海[1] 张旺锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院/新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2016年第10期1765-1777,共13页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目"新疆膜下滴灌棉花高光效群体防衰生理生态机理及调控研究"(U1203283);新疆生产建设兵团博士资金专项"基于缺水补偿效应的膜下滴灌棉花高效用水生理调控技术研究"(2014BB009)~~

摘　　要：【目的】明确不同滴灌模式下种植密度对棉花群体冠层结构、光截获、产量和水分利用效率的影响,研究干旱区棉花高产节水的途径和技术措施。【方法】选用新陆早45号为试验材料,设有限滴灌(I425,滴灌量425 mm)和常规滴灌(I500,滴灌量500 mm)滴灌模式,每种滴灌模式下设3个种植密度:低密度(D12,12×10~4株/hm^2)、中密度(D24,24×10~4株/hm^2)、高密度(D36,36×10~4株/hm^2)。测定不同生育期棉花株高、叶面积指数(LAI)、平均叶簇倾角(MTA)、冠层开度(DIFN)、光截获、产量和水分利用效率(WUE)等指标。【结果】与常规滴灌模式相比,有限滴灌模式减缓了盛蕾至初花期株高增长速度,保持盛铃后期至吐絮期较高的LAI,增加了MTA和DIFN,进而显著提高了冠层中、下部的光吸收率,在不显著降低籽棉产量的前提下,提高了WUE。常规滴灌条件下,LAI、MTA、冠层总光吸收率(LIR)以中密度处理较高;有限滴灌条件下,上述参数均以高密度处理最高。常规滴灌中密度处理、有限滴灌高密度处理均显著提高单位面积铃数,最终获得了较高的籽棉产量;WUE则以有限滴灌高密度处理较高。【结论】在保持较高叶面积指数条件下,通过调节叶倾角,保证冠层中、下部较高的光吸收率,提高冠层总光吸收率,是有限滴灌高密度种植模式实现棉花高产节水的重要原因。【Objective】The study is to make clear the effects of planting densities on canopy structure,light interception,yield and water use efficiency under different drip irrigation patterns and explore the new ways and technical measures of cotton high-yielding and water-saving in arid area. 【Method】A high-yielding cotton（ Gossypium hirsutum L.） cultivars,Xinluzao 45,was grown in fields,and split-plot experiment with two drip irrigation patterns（ conventional drip irrigation（ I500）,limited drip irrigation（ I425） and three levels of planting densities 12 × 10^4（ D12）,24 × 10^4（ D24）,36 × 10^4（ D36） was designed. Planting height,leaf area index（ LAI）,mean tilt angle（ MTA）,diffusion noninterceptance（ DIFN）,light interception,yield and water use efficiency（ WUE） were determined. 【Result】Compared with I500,I425 postponing the growth rate of planting height,maintaining higher LAI during later full boll stage and boll opening stage,MTA and DIFN led to increase in WUE through increasing light inception rate（ LIR） in middle and lower parts of canopy under the condition of non-significant changes in seed yield. At I500,the maximum LAI,MTA and LIR,were observed under D24. I425,D36 had the maximum values of all of the above parameters. Finally,I425D36 and I500D24had the highest seed yield which attributed to the increasing of boll number per area.I425D36 had higher WUE.【Conclusion】I425D36achieved the aim of high-yield and water-saving. The reason is that it increased total canopy light interception rate through adjusting leaf angle and improving light inception rate in middle and lower parts of canopy under the condition of high LAI.

关 键 词：棉花 滴灌模式 种植密度 冠层结构 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S563[农业科学—作物学] S504