新疆玛纳斯国家湿地公园大青叶蝉及小蜂资源调查研究  

Primary Investigation and Study of Chalcidoid Wasps Resources in Xinjiang Manas National Wetland Park Where Cicadella viridis Breaks Out

作　　者：林思雨[1] 曹文秋 王雨晴[1] 胡红英[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2016年第10期1850-1857,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"新疆叶蝉类害虫卵寄生蜂资源调查及其寄生生物学研究"(31360523)~~

摘　　要：【目的】调查新疆玛纳斯国家湿地公园大青叶蝉Cicadella viridis(Linnaeus)及小蜂资源,为该地区小蜂多样性保护及大青叶蝉的生物防治提供基础数据。【方法】2014至2015年在该地区大青叶蝉大发生时期进行野外调查,采集大青叶蝉及小蜂标本,对其进行挑拣、鉴定,记录并分析小蜂多样性与大青叶蝉害虫相关性。【结果】该地区大青叶蝉主要危害禾本科Poaceae植物,其越冬寄主为杨树Populus spp.,一年发生两代;采集634只小蜂,隶属于7科32种,其中缨小蜂科Mymaridae柄翅缨小蜂属Gonatocerus Nee与大青叶蝉害虫相关性最高,呈正相关;2015年比2014年同期小蜂多样性指数均较高。【结论】玛纳斯国家湿地公园的小蜂多样性指数高,对保持当地昆虫多样性、维护生态平衡具有重要作用;柄翅缨小蜂属昆虫很可能为该地区大青叶蝉的卵寄生蜂。【Objective】To get the basic data of chalcidoid wasps biodiversity conservation and Cicadella viridis biocontrol,the important pest Cicadella viridis and wasps resources at Manas national wetland park in Xinjiang were investigated.【Method】Got a large number of Cicadella viridis and wasps specimens by sweeping,collected the eggs,nymphs and adults of hosts from July 2014 to September 2015 in the wetland,then sorted and identified the species,analyzed wasps biodiversity and their correlation with Cicadella viridis.【Result】The investigation showed that the main harmed plants by Cicadella viridis are reed Phragmites australis,barnyard grass Echinochloa crusgalli and the overwinter host was Populus spp. There were two generations per year of Cicadella viridis. 634 wasps were collected and belonged to 7 families and 32 species respectively,among which,the genus Gonatocerus Nees of family Mymaridae had the highest correlation with Cicadella viridis,and chalcidiods species diversity indexes were higher over the same period in 2015 than in 2014.【Conclusion】There are much abundant chalcidoids species in Manas National Wetland Park,and the biodiversity indices of chalcidoids are higher,which indicates its important role in insect biodiversity conservation and ecological equilibrium maintenance in the wetland. The Gonatocerus is very likely the egg parasitoid of Cicadella viridis,which provides data support for the biological control of Cicadella viridis.

关 键 词：湿地 大青叶蝉 小蜂资源 生物多样性 生物防治 

分 类 号：S431[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]