禁牧对乌鲁木齐市城市周边典型草地类群落数量特征的影响  

The Influence of Grassland Grazing Prohibition in Regard to Vegetation Community Quantity in Urumqi City Periphery

作　　者：高攀盛[1,2] 张勇娟 安沙舟[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]乌鲁木齐市畜牧水产草原站,乌鲁木齐830063

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2016年第10期1907-1913,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：自治区科技厅项目"伊犁绢蒿人工种植技术研究及在荒漠类草场改良中的应用"(201231112)~~

摘　　要：【目的】新疆主要以传统的游牧为主,过度放牧是新疆草原退化的主要原因。禁牧作为生态恢复的重要手段,已成为新疆草地恢复和保护的一项重要措施。研究植被群落结构与草地经济效益对禁牧的响应,对理解草地退化与恢复机理以及合理利用封育后的草地等提供指导作用。【方法】以乌鲁木齐市周边禁牧3、4和5年的平原荒漠、山地荒漠、平原荒漠草原、山地荒漠草原、山地草原和低地草甸草地类型为对象,分别测定围栏内草地植被群落结构、高度、覆盖度、生物量,为新疆草地恢复和保护决策提供科学依据。【结果】(1)经过3年、4年、5年的禁牧后,不同类型草地植物群落的组成结构未发生明显的变化;围栏内主要植物种的高度存在一定差异,均表现为禁牧5年>禁牧4年>禁牧3年;除低地草甸草地外,其余各类型草地植被覆盖度均为禁牧4年>禁牧5年>禁牧3年。(2)不同草地类型间生物量总体上表现为禁牧4年>禁牧5年>禁牧3年。草地禁牧虽可以有效地禁止牲畜对植物的采食践踏干扰。【结论】禁牧时间对不同类型草地植物群落的组成结构不产生较为明显的影响,但对主要植物种的高度和草地类型间的生物量总和有较为明显的影响。【Objective】Xinjiang is dominated by way of traditional nomadic,overgrazing is the major cause of Xinjiang grassland degradation. Fencing as an important means of ecological restoration has become an important measure to restore and protect Xinjiang grassland. Study on vegetation community structure and the economical benefits of grassland in response to grazing prohibition,to understand grassland degradation and restoration mechanism and rational use of enclosed grassland can provide some guidance in the future work.【Method】This study investigated plain desert,mountain desert,plain desert steppe,mountain desert steppe,mountain steppe and lowland meadow rangeland types around Urumqi in grazing which has been banned for 3 years,4 years and 5 years,respectively depending on the grassland vegetation community structure,height,cover degree and biomass inside the fence,and their proper carrying capacities and economic benefits after fencing were calculated so as to provide scientific basis for Xinjiang grassland restore and protect decision-making.【Result】The main results were as follows：（ 1） After 3 years,4 years,5 years of fencing,composition of plant community structure of different grassland types did not change significantly. There were differences in the height of the fence main plant species： 5 years fencing 〉4 years fencing〉 3 years fencing. Except the lowland meadow,the cover degrees of the rest types grassland vegetation were 4 years fencing 〉5 years fencing〉 3 years fencing.（ 2） Affected by climate variability and location,the biomass of different types＇ grassland on the whole showed that 4 years fencing 〉5 years fencing 〉3 years fencing. Although grass fence could effectively prohibit livestock ingesting and trampling plants,its impact on vegetation biomass was far less than annual climatic fluctuation.【Conclusion】Fencing time did not produce obvious effects on plant community composition of different grassland types,but there was a significant effect on the height

关 键 词：草地 禁牧 群落结构 

分 类 号：S812.5[农业科学—草业科学]