白斑狗鱼(Esox lucius Linnaeus)的骨骼结构  

The skeletal system of Esox lucius Linnaeus

作　　者：杨启超[1] 张晓华[1] 鲍传和[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学动物科技学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2016年第5期704-710,共7页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：2013年安徽省高等学校质量工程项目"水产养殖学专业综合改革试点";2014年安徽省农业大学教研项目"水产养殖学专业教学标本资源库的优化研究";安徽省现代农业产业技术体系(皖农科[2016]84号)共同资助

摘　　要：采用传统烧煮法及软骨和硬骨双染色法,对白斑狗鱼骨骼结构进行观察。结果显示其骨骼结构有如下特点:(1)白斑狗鱼的中轴骨骼和附肢骨骼未完全骨化。(2)脑颅骨骼中除背面和腹面的膜骨如副筛骨、鼻骨、额骨、顶骨、犁骨、副蝶骨外,中间为未完全骨化的脑箱,有数个骨化中心,分别分布在中筛骨、蝶耳骨、翼耳骨、上枕骨、基枕骨、外枕骨,前耳骨区域,骨化程度不一。(3)咽颅中,包括完全骨化的颌弓和不完全骨化的舌弓及鳃弓,其中,舌弓中续骨呈宽扁三角形,并以其较宽的侧、下边将舌颌骨与后翼骨、翼骨和方骨紧密连接;有5对鳃弓,第5对鳃弓为一对棒状骨,与表面密布细齿的长条状骨片以结缔组织相贴。(4)白斑狗鱼共有62节椎骨,其中尾椎19节,为双凹型椎体。具有背肋和腹肋,前10个躯椎的髓棘呈片状;躯椎无真正的髓弓,所谓椎管只是由致密结缔组织将髓棘基部包裹而成,保护脊髓;每个尾椎的左右髓弓闭合成椎管,左右髓棘愈合为一;椎体无前后关节突,但每个椎体间具有发达的结缔组织粘附。(5)附肢骨骼中背鳍、臀鳍的支鳍骨分别为19、16个;尾鳍介于正型尾与歪型尾之间,最后3枚尾椎渐上翘,最后1枚尾椎具1个尾上骨,5个尾下骨,第2个尾下骨分叉;倒数第2个脉棘宽扁呈扇状。尾鳍由后8个椎骨的髓棘和脉棘参与尾鳍支鳍骨的构成。肩带骨骼有膜骨的匙骨、上匙骨及未完全骨化的乌喙骨和肩胛骨构成,肩带的支鳍骨4个,较宽扁;腰带具有前后支鳍骨,形宽扃。观察结果表明白斑狗鱼的骨骼不仅有着与高等硬骨鱼相似的结构,也有着其自身特有的结构如副筛骨以及不完全骨化的脑颅、最后几枚尾椎上翘形成的半歪型尾、躯椎的椎管是由结缔组织构成等。这些结果对于研究狗鱼的演化及分类地位有一定的意义。To observe the skeletal structure of Esox lucius, its skeletal samples were prepared using the con- ventional boiling-stripping method and the cartilage and bone staining method. The results showed that： （1） E. lucius skeletal system was not completely ossified. （2） There was incomplete ossification of the brain box except for the os membranaceum in dorsal and ventrol such as paraethmoid, nasal, fronta, parietal and vomer. A number of centers with different degrees of ossification distributed in the mesethmoid, sphenotic, pterotic, Supraoccipital, basioccipital, exoccipital and prootic region. （3） The splachnocranium included ossified mandibular arch, unossi- fled hyoid arch and branchial arch. The hyomandibular and metapterygoid, pterygoid, quadrate were closely con- nected through a fiat triangle. There were 5 pairs of branchial arches and the fifth arch was a rod-shape bone that connected with a bone attached tiny teeth by connective tissue. （4）There were 62 vertebraes, including 43 trucks and 19 caudal ones. Dorsal and ventral rib existed in the anterior 10 vertebraes and only venial rib existed in the following truck vertebraes. The nerual spines of prior 10 trunk vertebrae were flake-like and no real neural arck in other trunks was observed. （5） The pterygiophore number of dorsal fin and anal fin were 19 and 16, respectively. The caudal form was similar to the hemi-heterocercal. The posterior 3 caudal vertebraes were upturned with 1 epural and 5 hypurals. The scpular and coracoid were not ossified completely and the number of pterygiophore of pectoral girdle was four. The pelvic girdle pterygiophore was cartilage. The skeletal structure of E. lucius not only has a similar structure to the high grade fish as PARI apart by SO, but also has its own ones such as paraethmoid, incompletely ossific brain box, the hemi-heterocercal and open spinal canals on trunk veterbraes, etc. These structures indicate that the E.lucius has a special taxonomic position in the evolution of Esox lucius.

关 键 词：白斑狗鱼 骨骼系统 适应性 软骨和硬骨的双染色法 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]