气吸滚筒式自动清堵粳稻排种器的改进设计与性能试验  

Improved design and performance experiment on air-suction drum-type seed metering device for rice with auto-cleaning block

作　　者：韩豹[1] 杨亚楠[1] 孟繁超[1] 梁丽娜[1] 葛玉晓 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第19期18-25,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51175074);黑龙江省教育厅项目(12521017)

摘　　要：为进一步提高北方优质粳稻营养钵育苗播种精度,针对原设计的气吸滚筒式自动清堵排种器在播种过程中存在种箱内芽种的流动性差、伤种芽和每钵粒数不均等问题,改进了种箱结构设计,增加了二次清种部件和补种区。改进后排种器依靠窝眼自动充种、气力辅助吸种,通过2次清种、1次补种以及自动清除吸孔堵塞物等措施,提高了每钵2-3粒芽种的播种概率。以空育131催芽种子为试验对象,采用四因素三水平正交试验设计方法,研究了喂入口开度、清种间隙、辊刷转速和吸室真空度对空穴率、损伤率和每钵2-3粒率等排种性能的影响。正交试验结果表明：影响改进后排种器排种性能的主次因素依次为清种间隙、喂入口开度、吸室真空度和辊刷转速。在喂入口开度为40 mm、吸室真空度为5 k Pa、辊刷转速为55 r/min、清种间隙为6 mm较优参数组合下,改进前、后排种器对外形尺寸相近的空育131和龙粳26以及有一定差异的龙洋16粳稻芽种进行了播种适应性试验与性能对比试验。对比试验结果表明：对于尺寸相近的空育131和龙粳26粳稻,改进后排种器具有较好的适应性能,并且每钵2-3粒率的概率分别达到83.23%和85.01%,较改进前分别提高了3.77和6.14个百分点,损伤率分别降低了5.73和6.44个百分点,空穴率分别降低了0.51和0.57个百分点;该研究表明,改善充种室芽种的流动性,能够有效降低芽种损伤率,提高排种器每穴2-3粒的充种性能。该研究为粳稻气吸滚筒式排种器结构优化与性能的进一步提高提供参考。Planting and transplanting technology of rice seedling nurturing in hole tray is a high and stable yield cultivation technique in cold weather ecological conditions in China, and a lot of practical productions have proved that the technology has increased production significantly in the northeastern areas, especially in Heilongjiang Province. For cultivating the seedlings with the best quality, some existing experimental studies indicated that the ideal sowing amount of the normal japonica rice （Kongyu 131, Longging 26 and Long yang 16） was 40-55 g in each 448-cell potted tray, and on average, there were only 2-3 bud seeds per hole. To improve the precision of seeding （2-3 bud seeds per hole） of japonica rice seedling nurturing in hole tray and promote the extension and application of this technique in large areas in north cold rice-growing areas, based on the analysis of development of the air-suction drum-type seed-metering device with auto-cleaning block, the structure of seed box was improved to improve seed-group structure and the liquidity of seeds in the seed room, a new cleaning-seed mechanism was added for raising the seeding precision, and a replenishing place was designed, which was between the 2 seed-cleaning mechanisms aimed at enhancing the filling seed effect. The ranges of the key structure parameters and working parameters of the improved device were defined. According to the pre-experiments and date commonly used in production, opening width of the seed-box, seed-cleaning gap, rolling brush speed and vacuum degree were the main impact factors of the improved device’s seeding performance. On the test equipment of self-developed air-suction drum-type seed metering device, whose seeding productivity was 450 trays （448-cell potted tray） per hour, the japonica rice bud seed Kongyu 131 was selected as experimental material, which had been pre-germinated under the moisture content of 22.34%-23.26% （wet basis）. Its bud length was less than 1 mm, and the overall dimensions of clustered

关 键 词：农业机械 种子 气吸式设备 排种器 北方粳稻 催芽种子 试验 

分 类 号：S233.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程]