滴灌定额对西瓜/棉花间作产量及水分生产效率的影响  

Effects of drip irrigation quota on yield and water productivity in watermelon-cotton intercropping system

作　　者：强小嫚[1,2] 孙景生[1,2] 刘浩[1,2] 宁慧峰[1,2] 吴晓磊[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,新乡453002 [2]农业部作物需水与调控重点实验室,新乡453002

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第19期113-119,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51209207);现代农业棉花产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-18-19);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203077)

摘　　要：该文将膜下滴灌灌水技术集成到西瓜/棉花间作系统中,探讨滴灌灌水定额15、22.5、37.5及30 mm处理(对照)对瓜棉间作作物生长、产量、水分生产效率及经济效益的影响。结果表明:灌水定额37.5 mm西瓜生育前期主蔓最长,棉花全生育期株高最高,灌水定额22.5 mm西瓜生育中后期主蔓长逐渐变大,灌水定额15 mm全生育期西瓜主蔓长和棉花株高值均最小;间作群体叶面积指数呈双峰曲线变化,共生期内灌水量越大,LAI均值越大,非共生期各水分处理LAI均值无显著差异;灌水定额22.5 mm棉花成铃数最多、最终脱落率最小(59.6%),灌水定额37.5 mm最终脱落率最高(62.3%);灌水定额22.5 mm显著提高了瓜棉间作产量、水分生产效率、经济效益,西瓜产量为59 697.0 kg/hm2,棉花产量为4 851.2 kg/hm2,水分生产率为28.20元/m3,总产出值高达163 054.8元/hm2。综上可见,该地区瓜棉间作适宜的灌水定额为22.5 mm,全生育期共灌水7次,可实现瓜棉间作高产和水分高效利用的统一,能为该地区瓜棉间作系统科学使用滴灌灌水技术提供参考。The intercropping system, which contains combination and collocation of different crops, is a traditional and productive planting of agricultural production. Field intercropping system has been widely proved to be able to improve the productivity of agroecosystem effectively. Compared to monoculture, intercropping can increase the interception of light energy, grain yield and water productivity of croplands. Nowadays, water shortage becomes more severe in the face of the projecting population growth and food demands. Therefore, a more efficient intercropping pattern, including highly efficient utilization of resources and water saving, is urgently needed. Currently, the research and application of drip irrigation in intercropping system are gradually increasing, but the principles of irrigation index and water productivity are relatively inadequate. Therefore, field experiments with 4 treatments were carried out during 2013 in this study in order to reveal the appropriate magnitude of drip irrigation index in a watermelon-cotton intercropping system. Drip irrigation with mulch was integrated into the watermelon-cotton intercropping system and different drip irrigation quotas： i.e., 15 mm （T1）, 22.5 mm （T2）, 37.5 mm （T3） and 30 mm （CK） were conducted to investigate the impacts of drip irrigation quota on crop growth, yield, water production efficiency and economic benefit in watermelon-cotton intercropping system. The results showed that the main vine length of watermelon was larger in T3 treatment during the early growing stage, but shorter in T2 treatment during the middle and late growing stage, and T1 was the smallest during the whole growing stage. The cotton height of T3 was the largest, and T1 was the smallest; leaf area index of intercropping population showed a double-peak curve and increased with the irrigation quota in symbiotic period, and no significant differences of leaf area index were found among all treatments in non-symbiotic period; the eventual shedding rate of buds and bolls

关 键 词：棉花 灌溉 作物 间作 西瓜 产量 水分生产率 

分 类 号：S275.9[农业科学—农业水土工程] S344.2[农业科学—农业工程]