对置斜盘高速精密大豆排种器设计与充种机理分析  

Design on opposed inclined-plate high-speed precision seed-metering device and its working mechanism analysis

作　　者：刘宏新[1] 刘俊孝 唐师法 徐晓萌[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第20期24-31,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51275086)

摘　　要：针对机械式精密排种器在工作速度提高时,充种指数下降较快,从而导致作业质量严重下降的问题,在理论分析的基础上,创新设计了一种对置斜盘大豆排种器。该型排种器充分利用壳体的结构空间布置核心部件,从而提高排种频率、改变充填模式、增加充填力种类,以适应高速作业需求。根据该排种器的工作原理建立数学模型,分析种盘在不同倾斜角度时充填力的变化规律,优化角度为20°;运用工程离散元方法（engineering discrete element method,EDEM）将对置斜盘排种器与一种具有一定高速作业能力的双腔立式复合圆盘排种器进行虚拟仿真及样机试验对比,进一步验证了该种结构形式的优越性,试验结果表明在8~12 km/h高速区段平均合格指数较对照排种器提高约3.6%。研究为高速机械式精密排种器的设计与开发提供了机械形式方面的创新思路以及分析方法方面的借鉴与指导。Mechanical precision seed-metering device has low price, compact structure, good manufacturability and other advantages. However, in recent years, the pneumatic precision seed-metering device has occupied the dominant position, mainly because of the fatal flaw of the hole filling rate declining rapidly in high speed for mechanical precision seed-metering device, which resulted in grievous decline in the quality of operation and serious seed-leakage phenomenon. Due to the structure characteristic of seed-metering device and mixing characteristic of granular soybean seeds, the value of filling force in the form of compressive stress was limited. For this reason, how to improve the filling force was a crucial factor for mechanical precision seed-metering device. In this paper, the model of filling force of hole was built. And an opposed inclined seed-metering device was innovatively designed by theoretical analysis, which combined the advantages of a variety of mechanical seed-metering devices. It could improve seeding frequency by using double-plate to seed in single line. It changed the seed filling pattern from structure, made full use of the structure of the shell space, improved the compaction force and the filling force type, and further improved the qualified rate and its performance under high-speed operation to adapt to the modern high-speed operation requirements. Relying on gravity cleaning of seed, it effectively avoided the injury of seeds. The double-cavity composite vertical seed-metering device was chosen as a comparison, which also had high speed operation ability. The mathematical models were established according to the working principle. The filling force of the vertical disk seed-metering device and opposed inclined-plate seed-metering device was contrasted and analyzed. Through analyzing the filling force changing rule of the seed-metering device in different angles, and drawing the function image by Matlab（MATrix LABoratory） software, the effective ways to improve the filling ability were

关 键 词：农业机械 设计 机械式排种器 高速作业 对置斜盘 EDEM仿真 

分 类 号：S233.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]