太湖流域典型河流重金属污染和生态风险评估  

Pollution level and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in typical rivers of Taihu basin

作　　者：王漫漫[1] 陆昊[1] 李慧明[1] 钱新[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学环境学院污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,南京210023

出　　处：《环境化学》2016年第10期2025-2035,共11页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07506-007)资助~~

摘　　要：以太湖流域跨省界区域的典型饮用水水源地保护区太浦河和典型工业用水河流吴淞江昆山段为研究对象,测定2015年5月至2016年1月间(夏、秋、冬季)河水和表层底泥中V、Cr、Mn、Co、Cu、Cd、Sb、Ba、Tl和Pb的含量水平,并采用内梅罗综合指数法和潜在生态风险指数法分别评价河水和表层底泥中的重金属污染情况,旨在为太湖流域重金属污染的预防和治理提供依据.结果表明:(1)太浦河和吴淞江昆山段河水中的重金属浓度总体较低,但Mn、Sb、Tl的最大值高于饮用水地表水源地限值(GB3838—2002).重金属的整体浓度趋势为冬季>秋季>夏季,吴淞江昆山段>太浦河,沿程的浓度变化不大.(2)表层底泥中的重金属含量整体高于太湖流域重金属土壤背景值或江苏省重金属土壤背景值,超出背景值最多的是Sb和Cu.重金属污染程度整体而言太浦河>吴淞江昆山段,多数金属无明显河流间差异和季节性差异,河流沿程分布较为均匀.(3)内梅罗综合指数评价结果表明,太浦河和吴淞江昆山段均存在一定的水体重金属污染,污染主要来自于Mn,其次是Sb.(4)潜在生态风险指数评价结果表明,太浦河和吴淞江昆山段表层底泥中整体都存在强重金属潜在生态风险,主要风险金属是Sb,其次是Tl.This study measured the concentrations of V,Cr,Mn,Co,Cu,Cd,Sb,Ba,Tl and Pb in water and surface sediment samples collected from May 2015 to January 2016（ summer,autumn and winter） in Taipu River,a typical drinking water source reserve and Kunshan reach of Wusong River,a typical industrial water area which are both located in the interprovincial areas in Taihubasin. The pollution levels and ecological risks of the studied heavy metals in water and surface sediments were assessed by Nemerow comprehensive index and potential ecological risk index,respectively,to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of the heavy metal pollution in Taihu basin. The results showed that,although the total concentration levels in water samples were low,the maximum concentrations of Mn,Sb,Tl were all higher than the limits of surface water as drinking water resource（ GB3838—2002）. Generally, for water samples, the heavy metal concentrations decreased in the order of winter 〉autumn 〉summer. The concentrations in theTaipu River were lower than those in Kunshan reach of the Wusong River,and there were almost no differences of the spatial distribution for the two rivers. Generally,for surface sediments,the heavy metal concentrations of the two rivers were all higher than the background values for soils of Taihu basin or Jiangsu Province,with Sb and Cu most frequently among the studied metals. The heavy metal concentrations in Taipu River were slightly higher than in Kunshan reach of Wusong River.Most of the studied heavy metals in the sediments had no obvious spatial and seasonal variation,and the metal concentrations along the two rivers were all evenly-distributed. The results of Nemerow comprehensive index assessment showed that there was a certain degree of heavy metal pollution in the water of Taipu River and Kunshan reach of Wusong River,and the most polluted element was Mn,followed by Sb. The results of potential ecological risk assessment indicted that the heavy metals in the surface sediments of Taipu River

关 键 词：太湖流域 河水 表层底泥 重金属 污染评估 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X522