上海市消灭血吸虫病历程:健康促进的又一例证  

Schistosomiasis eradicated in Shanghai: another example for health promotion

作　　者：俞顺章[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学预防医学研究所,上海200032

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2016年第10期693-696,712,共5页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：概述上海市贯彻毛主席"一定要消灭血吸虫病"指示,决策消灭血吸虫病的历史,取得的成绩以及主要的经验和体会。记述血吸虫病对人民健康的危害和上海市决策消灭血吸虫病的过程,分析消灭血吸虫病的成果。第一战役1956—1959年,动员群众,进入高潮。组织领导班子和参战队伍,开展预防试点。通过群众性"三送三检"普查大便,治疗疾病。结合农田兴修水利整治有螺河道,再由灭螺队伍进行反复化学灭螺,螺情病情下降显著。第二战役1960—1975年,虽经困难时期,但坚持血防,反复斗争,除害务尽。不断改进查病治病和查螺灭螺方法,建立的一本账(病情)、一张图(螺清),灭一块、清一块、巩固一块,直到消灭。第三战役1975—1990年,巩固、监测。经过反复查病、查螺等监测,共调查22个乡镇。捕获3万只钉螺未发现阳性螺;查病15万人未发现新感染的人和牛;中学生、招工、新生中未发现新感染者。上海市经过35年的长期斗争消灭了血吸虫病。人增寿、地增产,人民幸福生活。This article summarized the history, achievements and experiences in controlling and eradicating schistosomiasis in Shanghai under the concerning of Chairman Mao, described the damage of schistosomiasis endemic and decision making as well as the achievement for elimination, The first tide of schistosomiasis elimination （1956-1969） was to mobilize people to involve into detection and treatment of disease. Combined with farmland renovation, snails were controlled in water conservancy facilities. By repeated molluscacide spraying, the snail density reduced remarkably. The second tide of schistosomiasis elimination was carried out during the difficult periods （1960-1975）. Snail control continued until schistosomiasis eliminated. New methods of detection and snail control were improved. Areas with snails were cleaned one by one until completely eliminated. The third tide of elimination was consolidation and surveillance （ 1975-1990）. After repeated detection and surveillance, in total 30 000 oncomelania were captured in 22 towns, among which none was positive. Detection to 150 000 people was carried out, and no new infectious case was found. No new infectious case was found in middle school students, recruit workers and new students. After 35 years of efforts to the successful elimination of schistosomiasis in Shanghai, both the production of the farmlands and life expectancy increased.

关 键 词：血吸虫病 治疗 整治河道 化学灭螺 血吸虫病防治 

分 类 号：R532.21[医药卫生—内科学]