甘蓝型油菜EMS诱变及多分枝和长角突变体分析  

EMS Mutagenesis and Analysis of Multi-branched and Long-silique Mutants in Brassica napus L.

作　　者：廖晓英[1] 阎晋东 钟鸣[1] 卓宇红 吴丹[1] 贺热情[1] 赵小英[1] 刘选明[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学生物学院植物功能基因组学与发育调控湖南省重点实验室,中国湖南长沙410082 [2]常德市丰景农业技术服务有限公司,中国湖南常德415000

出　　处：《生命科学研究》2016年第5期435-441,共7页Life Science Research

基　　金：国家863项目(2007AA10Z127);国家自然科学基金(30800080);湖南省生物发育工程及新产品研发协同创新中心(20134486)

摘　　要：油菜是世界上最重要的油料作物之一,同时也是我国食用油和饲用蛋白质的主要来源。采用0.8%甲基磺酸乙酯(ethyl methane sulfonate,EMS)溶液处理甘蓝型油菜玻里马胞质雄性不育系(pol cms)的保持系2B种子,从田间M_2诱变群体中筛选获得1 495个变异株,包括叶色、叶型、早花、株高和株型、雄性不育、裂蕾、花瓣形状和颜色、多分枝和长角等变异性状,占M_2诱变群体的7.4%。对多分枝和长角突变材料的农艺性状进行观察和统计分析,结果表明多分枝突变材料平均一次有效分枝比野生型多1.03倍,单株产量增加41.48%;长角突变材料角果长度为野生型的1.69倍,但果粒数无差异,单株产量提高49.66%。研究结果为今后进一步发掘这些突变性状相关基因,并应用于油菜品种改良奠定了基础。Rapeseed is one of the most important oil crops in the world, and is also the main source of edi- ble oil and forage protein in China. Here, seeds of Brassica napus L. pol cms maintainer line 2B were treat- ed with 0.8% ethyl methane sulfonate （EMS） to construct mutant library. From the M2 generation,1 495 mu- tants were obtained, including leaf color, leaf type, early flowering, dwarf, male sterility, crack bud, petal shape and color, multi-branched and long-silique mutants etc, which accounted for 7.4% of the total M2 population. Then the agricultural traits of multi-branched and long-silique mutants were characterized. The results showed that the multi-branched mutant harbored 1.03 times more branches than the wild-type, and the yield per plant increased by 41.48%; the silique of the long-silique mutant was 1.69 times the length of that of the wild-type, the seed yield per plant increased by 49.66%, but there was no difference for the seed number per silique between the long-silique mutant and the wild-type. These results laid a foundation for further exploring the mutant-related genes and using these mutants in Brassica napus breeding.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 化学诱变 甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS) 多分枝突变体 长角突变体 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]