医用X射线放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞遗传损伤的调查  

Investigation on genetic damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes in medical X-ray radiation workers

作　　者：宋芳[1] 廖秀峰[2] 蒋艳[3] 

机构地区：[1]乌鲁木齐市疾病预防控制中心办公室,新疆乌鲁木齐830026 [2]乌鲁木齐市疾病预防控制中心公共卫生科,新疆乌鲁木齐830026 [3]乌鲁木齐市疾病预防控制中心职业病防治科,新疆乌鲁木齐830026

出　　处：《职业与健康》2016年第18期2475-2477,共3页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的检测乌鲁木齐市市属医疗机构X射线放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率和微核率,评价医疗机构辐射安全防护措施的实施情况。方法采用微量全血培养法检测放射组和对照组的染色体及微核,分析X射线对遗传损伤的影响。结果放射组和对照组均以无着丝粒畸变为主。放射组双着丝粒+环畸变率为0.004%,对照组无双着丝粒+环畸变。放射组染色体型畸变率和染色单体型畸变率分别为0.138%和0.203%,对照组分别为0.044%和0.103%,放射组和对照组淋巴细胞微核率分别为1.490‰和0.941‰。放射组的染色体型畸变率、染色单体型畸变率、微核率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论乌鲁木齐市医用X射线放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞无着丝粒畸变率、双着丝粒体畸变率、双着丝粒环畸变率和稳定性染色体畸变率、微核率均处于职业卫生标准范围内,但加强工作场所中X射线防护及个人健康监护仍然是今后长期、重要的工作任务。[Objective]To detect the chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes among the X-ray radiation workers in Urumqi municipal medical institutions,evaluate the implementation of radiation safety protection measures for medical institutions. [Methods]The chromosome and micronucleus in the radiation group and the control group were detected by the method of micro whole blood culture,to analyze the effects of X-rays on genetic damage. [Results]The acentric aberration was frequent in the radiation group and control group. The rate of dicentric ＋ring distortion in the radiation group was 0.004%,and that was not observed in the control group. The chromosome aberrations rate and dyeing haplotype distortion rate in the radiation group was 0.138% and 0.203% respectively,while that in the control group was 0.044% and 0.103% respectively,and the lymphocyte micronucleus rate in the radiation group and control group was 1.490‰ and 0.941‰ respectively. The chromosome aberration rate,dyeing haplotype distortion rate and micronucleus rate in the radiation group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）. [Conclusion]Among the in medical X-ray radiation workers in Urumqi City,the acentric aberration rate,dicentric aberration rate,dicentric＋ring distortion rate and stable chromosome aberration rate,as well as the micronucleus rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes meet the occupational health standards. However,it is still a long-term and important task to strengthen the X-ray protection and personal health monitoring in the workplace.

关 键 词：X射线放射工作人员 遗传损伤 调查研究 

分 类 号：R146[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]