先驱体转化法制备ZrC木质陶瓷及其性能分析  

Preparation and Performance of ZrC Woodceramics Obtained by Polymer Precursor Conversion

作　　者：武海棠[1] 郑冀鲁[1] 张军华[1] 黄晓华[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《林产化学与工业》2016年第5期23-29,共7页Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51202198)

摘　　要：以松木为原料,经炭化制得松木炭,以有机锆聚合物(PZC)为先驱体浸渍松木炭后进一步高温热处理制备得到ZrC木质陶瓷。采用XRD、SEM、FT-IR、TG-DSC分别对样品的物相变化、组成和微观结构进行了表征,研究了热处理温度和杂化材料质量增加率对木质陶瓷显气孔率与力学性能的影响。结果表明:有机锆先驱体裂解过程中生成ZrO_2,进一步可以在1 400℃通过碳热还原反应转化为ZrC相。ZrC木质陶瓷由立方相ZrC和无定形碳组成,生成的木质陶瓷较好地保留了松木模板的管状孔洞结构,部分ZrC相沉积在孔洞内部。木质陶瓷材料显气孔率随着热处理温度的升高而升高,随质量增加率的增加而降低;力学性能随热处理温度和质量增加率的增加而提高,质量增加率为278%的杂化材料在热处理温度为1 400℃时制备的ZrC木质陶瓷具有良好的力学性能,弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别为158 MPa和1.8 MPa·m^(1/2)。Biomorphic ZrC woodceramics were fabricated by high temperature pyrolysis of the precursor of infiltrated organic zirconium-contained polymer（ PZC） using pine charcoal as template under argon. The phase change, composition and microstructure of resulting ZrC woodceramics,as well as the conversion mechanism of wood to ZrC woodceramics,were characterized by X-ray diffraction（ XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（ SEM）,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（ FT-IR）,thermogravimetry（ TG） and differential scanning calorimetry（ DSC） techniques,respectively. The effects of heat treatment temperature and weight gain of charcoal/PZC hybrid material on the apparent porosity and mechanical properties of the ZrC woodceramics were analysed. The results indicated that the impregnant was firstly decomposed to ZrO_2,and then reacted with carbon in the cellular wall to form ZrC at 1 400 ℃. The cellular morphology of biocarbon template was retained well in the resulting ceramics consisting of cubic ZrC and amorphous carbon. The apparent porosity of ZrC woodceramic increased with the increase of heat treatment temperature and decreased with the increase in weight gain of charcoal/PZC hybrid material. Moreover,it was found that the mechanical properties of ZrC woodceramic were enhanced significantly when the weight gain and heat treatment temperature increased. The ZrC woodceramic prepared at 1 400 ℃ from charcoal/PZC hybrid material with the weight gain of 278% exhibited good mechanical properties,and its flexural strength and fracture toughness were 158 MPa and1. 8 MPa·m^（1/2）,respectively.

关 键 词：木质陶瓷 碳化锆 碳热还原反应 含锆有机先驱体 

分 类 号：TQ35[化学工程] TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]