水源涵养地农业生产化肥投入的面源污染与控制——基于微观数据的实证分析  

Nonpoint Source Pollution and Control of Fertilizer Input in Agricultural Production in Water Con-Servation Area: Empirical Analysis Based on Microdata

作　　者：袁惊柱[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所,北京100836

出　　处：《生态经济》2016年第11期136-140,151,共6页Ecological Economy

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题"重点生态功能区生态补偿关键技术研究"(2013BAC03B05);国家社会科学基金重点项目"政府;企业;公众共治环境污染相互作用的机理与实证研究"(15AZD079)

摘　　要：化肥投入造成的面源氮、磷源已成为水源涵养地水体面源污染的一个重要来源。东江湖库区作为我国重要的水源涵养地,其农业生产投入的化肥已给该地保持Ⅱ类水质带来了很大压力。通过基于农民保留效用的生态补偿方式来控制农业生产的化肥投入是水源涵养地面源污染控制的有效措施。文章基于东江湖库区2012年的技术水平、生产条件和物价水平,测算出补偿标准为:水稻9967.35元/公顷,玉米4109.4元/公顷,生姜37 477.35元/公顷,板栗8121.75元/公顷,茶树12 910.20元/公顷,橘树20 522.4元/公顷。若要分阶段进行,首先应该控制橘树的化肥投入。补偿金可以通过东江湖的生活供水收入、发电收入和旅游收入来解决。同时,后期应配套政策引导水源涵养地农民转变生产方式,保障生态补偿政策的政策成果。Surface nitrogen and phosphorus have been a significant source of water nonpoint source pollution in water conservation area. As an important water conservation area, fertilizer from agricultural production in Dongjianghu Reservoir Area has created great pressure on its II-class water quality protection. It is feasible to control its fertilizer input via ecocompensation based on farmers＇ reservation utility. Based on technological level, production condition and price level in 2012, rice, maize, ginger, chestnut, tea tree and orange tree per hectare should be compensated 9967.35, 4109.4, 37 477.35, 8121.75, 12 910.20 and 20 522.4 CNY on average respectively. If conducted on stages, orange tree should be controlled first on its fertlizer input. Money used to compensate farmers could come from living water supply and tourism income. Supporting policies should be issued to guide farmers to transform production mode later and guarantee policy achievement of ecocompensation.

关 键 词：水源涵养地 农业生产 化肥投入 面源污染 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]