近54年新疆地区水资源的气候特征分布  

Climate Characteristics of Water Resources in Xinjiang in Recent 54 Years

作　　者：刘晓伟 刘勤[2,3] 吕军 何文清[2,3] 刘洪亮 

机构地区：[1]石河子农业科学研究院,新疆石河子832000 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [3]农业部旱作农业重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第29期124-131,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：新疆兵团农八师科研计划(2014NY02);国家自然科学基金(31370522);农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目"典型区域残膜污染综合治理技术体系构建与集成示范"(201503105)

摘　　要：为了探究气候变化背景下新疆地区水资源的气候特征,利用新疆地区50个站点1961—2014年的气象数据,通过陆面蒸发经验公式估算蒸发量及相应的降蒸差,并结合Mann-Kendall非参数检验方法分析探讨近54年新疆地区水资源的气候变化特征及时空分布。结果显示:(1)近54年来新疆地区降水量、平均气温、蒸发量自发生突变以来呈显著上升趋势;(2)北疆的降水量最高,东疆降水量最低并且未通过显著性检验;(3)新疆各区域年平均气温变化趋势均以0.03℃/a持续增加;(4)北疆降蒸差量接近全疆水平,南疆大部分地区与东疆区域降蒸差均小于0,表明该地区水资源严重不足,常年处于干旱;(5)降水量、蒸发量和降蒸差空间分布主要表现在由北至南,由西至东呈减少的趋势,平均气温呈增加的趋势。To explore the climate characteristics of water resources in Xinjiang under the background ofclimate change, based on the meteorological data of 50 stations in Xinjiang, the authors estimated evaporationand the difference value（D-value） between precipitation and evaporation by the empirical formula of the landsurface evaporation, combined with the Mann-Kendall test to analyze the climate change characteristics andtemporal and spatial distribution of water resources in Xinjiang. The results showed that：（1） the precipitation,the average temperature and the evaporation in recent 54 years in Xinjiang had an increasing trendsignificantly since they had mutations;（2） the highest value of the precipitation was found in north Xinjiang,and east Xinjiang had the minimum precipitation which did not pass the significance test;（3） the annualaverage temperature was found to increase with a significant trend of 0.03℃/a in each region of Xinjiang;（4）the D-value of precipitation and evaporation in north Xinjiang was close to the value of Xinjiang, and the D-value of precipitation and evaporation was less than 0 in south and east Xinjiang, which indicated that mostareas of south and east Xinjiang were strongly characterized by scare water resource and suffered arid climate;（5） the temporal-spatial characteristics of the precipitation, evaporation and the D-value of precipitation andevaporation had a decreasing trend from north to south and from west to east, while the average temperaturehad an increasing trend.

关 键 词：水资源 降水 气温 蒸发 新疆 

分 类 号：S-3[农业科学]