我国食用菌新害虫——泰纳异蚤蝇(Megaselia tamilnaduensis Disney)  

A New Pest of Chinese Edible Fungus——Megaselia tamilnaduensis Disney

作　　者：高波岭 李子玲[2] 张超逸[1] 刘广纯[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳大学城市有害生物治理与生态安全辽宁省重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110044 [2]广西大学农学院,广西南宁530005

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2016年第27期33-35,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31372245)

摘　　要：首先对危害我国食用菌的新害虫———泰纳异蚤蝇（Megaselia tamilnaduensis Disney）的形态特征和生活习性进行观察，其次在自然条件及27℃恒温条件下进行饲养观察。结果表明，其雌雄比例约为2．57∶1。当温度为27℃时，雌虫因环境湿度和养分较大，其腹部第7～10节会伸开。该虫的生活周期为21～25 d，其中卵期1 d，幼虫阶段为5～7 d，蛹期持续6～8 d，雄性成虫可存活4～6 d，雌虫可存活5～8d。幼虫会在菌丝和菌料之间穿梭蛀食，在菌料表层相对干燥的地方化蛹，羽化后交配，并产卵于菌包的菌丝上。幼虫的适宜温度为14～27℃，适宜湿度为60％～80％。在沈阳地区主要危害平菇，菇房平均危害率为25％，菌包危害率为10％，严重者可达20％。[The morphological characteristics and life habit of a new pest hazard edible fungus Megaselia tamilnaduensis Disney were observed. Then,under natural conditions and 27℃constant temperature,we reared and observed M.tamilnaduensis.Results showed that its female-male ra-tio was about 2.57∶1.Under 27 ℃,7-10 segments of females abdomen stretched due to high environmental humidity and nutrient.The develop-ment time of a generation lasted 21-25 d.Among them,eggs lasted 1 d;larval stage lasted for 5-7 d;pupae stage lasted for 6-8 d.Adult male could survive for 4-6 days,and females for 5-8 d.Larvae shuttled in mycelium and fungous materials,and fed on them.Pupation took place on the surface of fungous materials in relatively dry place;then emergence,adult mate and laying eggs also took place in the mycelium.The suitable temperature and humidity of larvae were 14-27 ℃ and 60%-80%.Major damage was Pleurotus ostreatus in Shenyang,the average hazard rate of mushroom house was 25%,fungus bag hazard rate was 10%,and severe cases were up to 20%.

关 键 词：蚤蝇科 泰纳异蚤蝇 形态学 生活习性 危害 

分 类 号：S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]