二氧化碳羽流地热系统中地层水回流和岩石-流体作用对采热能力的影响  

Effects of Rock-Fluid Interaction and Water Back Flow on Heat Mining Efficiency of Geothermal Development via Carbon Dioxide Injection

作　　者：崔国栋 任韶然 张亮 庄园 王延永 宫智武 苏帅杰 CUI Guo-dong REN Shao-ran ZHANG Liang ZHUANG Yuan WANG Yan-yong GONG Zhi-wu SU Shuai-jie(Department of Reservoir Engineering, School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum （East China）, Qingdao 266580, Chin)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院油藏工程系,山东青岛266580

出　　处：《高校化学工程学报》2016年第5期1043-1052,共10页Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51674282);山东省自然科学青年基金(ZR2013EEQ032);青岛市科技计划项目产学研合作引导计划(13-1-4-254-jch);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(15CX05036A)

摘　　要：针对超临界CO_2(SCCO_2)开采地热过程中的渗流特征和可能产生的储层伤害,基于热力学原理和地化反应机理,建立了考虑地层水蒸发、CO_2-地层水-岩石地化反应、盐沉淀/溶解和储层孔渗变化的SCCO_2地热开采综合模型,分析了流体渗流特征和岩石-流体作用对采热速率的影响,并提出了提高SCCO_2采热速率的相应方法。研究结果表明,干燥SCCO_2持续注入会加剧地层水蒸发,造成注入井附近地层水饱和度梯度增加,使得气液毛管力大于驱替压差情况,导致地层水回流。地层水回流加剧了地化反应和盐析对注入井区域的伤害,使得SCCO_2渗流速度和采热速率降低。敏感性分析表明,储层温度、压力、孔隙度、渗透率和注采压差均会影响SCCO_2采热速率,其中地层水矿化度是影响储层盐析及采热速率降低的最重要因素。注SCCO_2前预注低矿化度水可有效缓解盐析对储层的伤害。Complicated fluid flow characteristics and rock-CO2 interaction can cause geothermal reservoirdamage and reduce CO2 heat mining rate during geothermal exploitation via supercritical CO2 （SCCO2）injection. Based on thermodynamics and geochemistry principles, an integrated numerical model for heatmining via SCCO2 injection was established, and different processes including formation water evaporation,CO2 geochemical reaction with formation water and rocks, salt precipitation and dissolution, and the variationof formation porosity and permeability were considered and simulated. The model can be used to analyze theeffects of CO2 flow and fluid-rock interaction on CO2 heat mining rate. The simulation results show that highformation temperature and continuous injection of SCCO2 can facilitate formation water evaporation and causea reversed water saturation gradient, which lead to back flow of formation water toward the injection well whenthe capillary pressure is greater than the differential displacement pressure. The back flow of formation watercan accelerate salt precipitation and geochemical reactions, which can reduce SCCO2 flow rate by -40% andgreatly decrease heat mining rate. Sensitivity analysis shows that the salinity of formation water is the mostsignificant factor on salt precipitation and heat mining rate, while temperature, pressure, porosity, permeabilityand injection-production pressure difference also have certain effects. Water injection with low salinity beforeSCCO2 injection can diminish the damage caused by salt precipitation and increase heat mining rate.

关 键 词：超临界二氧化碳 地层水回流 地化反应 地热开采 蒸发盐析 采热速率 

分 类 号：TK52[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]