珠海横琴岛海域浮游动物群落结构特征  

Community characteristics of zooplankton in Hengqin Island Sea of Zhuhai City

作　　者：罗艳[1] 粟丽[2] 林丽华[1] 谢健[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局南海规划与环境研究院,广州510300 [2]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广州510300

出　　处：《生态科学》2016年第5期82-89,共8页Ecological Science

基　　金：基金项目:横琴南部滨海新城区域建设用海规划

摘　　要：根据2013年11月(秋季)、2014年5月(春季)、2015年2月(冬季)和8月(夏季)4航次的调查数据,对横琴岛海域浮游动物物种组成、时空分布及多样性等群落结构特征进行了分析。结果显示:共鉴定出浮游动物103种类,阶段性浮游幼体13类,桡足类种类最多42种,其次为刺胞动物18种。种类数秋季最多52种,夏季次之50种,冬季最少46种。年均丰度范围为100.31—2003.90 ind·m^(–3),均值为606.22 ind·m^(–3);年均生物量范围56.30—137.13 mg·m–3,均值为80.86 mg·m^(–3);该海域优势种更替较快,其优势种春季为刺尾纺锤水蚤Acartia spinicauda、中华异水蚤Acartiella sinensis等5种,夏季为短角长腹剑水蚤Oithona brevicornis和强额孔雀哲水蚤Pavocalanus crassirostris,秋季为长尾类幼体Macrura larvae、亚强次真哲水蚤Eucalanus subcrassus等8种,冬季仅夜光虫Noctiluca scintillans一种。多样性指数、均匀度指数、多样性阈值及丰富度指数均值春季为3.86、0.88、3.40、3.24,夏季为2.10、0.89、1.88、1.01,秋季为3.34、0.83、2.78、2.63,冬季为0.95、0.31、0.30、0.09。其中冬季4项指数均很低,表明该海域浮游动物群落结构异常,海域生态环境受到了一定程度的污染破坏。Based on the four phytoplankton survey date in November 2013, May 2014, February and August 2015 in Hengqin Island Sea, the species composition, spatial and temporal distribution and diversity of zooplankton were analyzed. Results showed that a total of 103 zooplankton species and 13 pelagic larvae were identified. 42 kinds of Copepods were the most, followed by 21 kinds of Cnidaria. Zooplankton appeared 52 species in Autumn, 50 species in Summer, 48 species in Spring, and 46 species in Winter. The annual abundance of zooplankton ranged from 100.31 to 2003.90 ind·m^-3, averaged 606.22 ind·m^-3. The annual zooplankton biomass ranged from 56.30 to 137.13 mg·m^-3, averaged 80.86 mg·m^-3. The dominant species Acartia spinicauda and Acartiella sinensis et al five kinds appeared in Spring; Oithona brevicornis and Pavocalanus crassirostris appeared in Summer; Macrura larvae, Eucalanus subcrassus and Acartia spinicauda et al eight kinds appeared in Autumn, while only Noctiluca scintillans appeared in Winter. The dominant species replaced fast in this area. Shannon-Wiener diversity index H＇, Pielou evenness index J＇, Diversity threshold Dv and Margalef richness index D were 3.86, 0.88, 3.40, 3.24 in Spring, 2.10, 0.89, 1.88, 1.01 in Summer, 3.34, 0.83, 2.78, 2.63 in Autumn, and 0.95, 0.31, 0.30, 0.09 in Winter. While four indexes in Winter were very low, indicating that the community characteristics were unusual, and the ecological environment was in a certain degree of pollution and damage.

关 键 词：横琴岛 浮游动物 群落结构 多样性 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]