福寿螺取食对空心莲子草生长和繁殖的影响  

Effect of Pomacea canaliculata grazing on the growth and reproduction of Alternanthera philoxeroides

作　　者：周兵[1] 章家恩[2] 谢春扬迪 闫小红[1] 

机构地区：[1]井冈山大学生命科学学院,吉安343009 [2]华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所,广州510642

出　　处：《生态科学》2016年第5期105-109,共5页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金-广东联合基金项目(U1131006);江西省高等学校科技落地计划(KJLD12079);井冈山大学生命科学学院院级大学生创新创业项目

摘　　要：福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculata)和空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)是我国南方淡水生态系统中常见的两种入侵生物,空心莲子草是福寿螺的植物性食物之一。以福寿螺和空心莲子草为研究对象,研究了不同福寿螺取食强度对空心莲子草生长和繁殖的影响,探讨了两者之间的相互关系。结果表明:与对照相比,福寿螺取食抑制了空心莲子草的生物量积累,但不同取食强度的影响存在差异。在每盆1、3只取食强度下,空心莲子草鲜重先下降然后上升,而在每盆5、7只取食强度下,其鲜重一直保持下降的趋势。与处理前相比,福寿螺取食下空心莲子草的节数和分枝数均增加(每盆7只除外),而叶片数一直保持下降的趋势。每盆7只福寿螺的取食强度下,空心莲子草的花数显著高于对照(P<0.05),为对照的10.5倍(处理20天时)。可见,福寿螺取食在一定程度上抑制了空心莲子草的生长,但空心莲子草对不同的取食强度产生不同的生长响应。低取食强度可能促进了空心莲子草的营养生长,高取食强度抑制了空心莲子草的营养生长,却促进了其有性繁殖。同时,福寿螺对空心莲子草叶片的取食偏好性优于其茎秆。Pomacea canaliculata and Alternanthera philoxeroides are two common invasive species in fresh water ecological system in southern China, and A. philoxeroides is one species of botanical food for P canaliculata. Effect of P canaliculata grazing on the growth and reproduction ofA. philoxeroides was investigated, and relationship between them was discussed. Snail grazing reduced plant biomass, but the effect was different in different grazing intensity. The fresh weight ofA. philoxeroides descended first, then rose in the treatments of 1, 3 snails per pot, but continuously decreased in the treatments of 5, 7 snails per pot. Compared with those before treatment, the stem number and branching number both increased besides in the treatment of 7 snails per pot, but the leaf number remained decreasing. The flower number in the treatment of 7 snails per pot was significantly higher than that in the control （P〈0.0） with 10.5 times after 20 days It could be concluded that P canaliculata grazing inhibited the growth of A. philoxeroides in some degree, with different effect in different grazing intensity. Low grazing intensity probably promoted the nutritional growth ofA. philoxeroides, high grazing intensity inhibited that but promoted its sexual reproduction. P canaliculata preferred the leaf than the stem ofA. philoxeroides.

关 键 词：福寿螺 空心莲子草 取食 生长 繁殖 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]