单板U型滑雪运动员视觉空间方位知觉的反应抑制--来自ERPs的证据  

Response Inhibition of Visual Spatial Orientation Perceptual on Half-pipe Snowboard Athletes: Evidence from ERPs

作　　者：杨阿丽[1] 张鑫[2] 郭峰[1] 杨波[2] 杨传宇[3] 杨馨婷[2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳体育学院体育教育学院,辽宁沈阳110102 [2]沈阳体育学院研究生部,辽宁沈阳110102 [3]中南大学湘雅医学院,湖南长沙410000

出　　处：《沈阳体育学院学报》2016年第4期111-117,共7页Journal of Shenyang Sport University

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅科学研究一般项目(LZ013437);沈阳体育学院重点资助学科研究方向建设项目(XKFX1505)

摘　　要：目的：以单板U型滑雪项目为例,探索运动训练对运动员视觉空间方位知觉影响的认知加工特点,了解运动员与普通人群在视觉空间方位知觉反应抑制的ERPs成分特征上的差异,确定同类项目运动员视觉空间方位知觉反应抑制能力的指向性指标,为科学训练、选材和评估提供依据。方法：选取国家单板U型滑雪运动员8人（运动组）和普通大学生8人（对照组）为研究对象。采用Go-Nogo实验范式诱发受试者视觉空间方位知觉反应的ERPs。结果：1）运动组被试Go刺激的反应时显著低于对照组。2）无论是水平方位还是垂直方位,140~220 ms出现的早期成分N2在Go条件下比Nogo条件下诱发的波幅更大,且垂直方位的顶区电极波幅明显大于其他区域。垂直方位额脑区Fz潜伏期比中央脑区电极Cz、Cpz更短。3）300~420 ms出现的晚期成分P3,水平方位的中央脑区比前额区、顶区波幅更明显,运动组的额区、中央脑区比对照组波幅大。顶区Nogo-P3波幅明显小于Go-P3,垂直方位中央脑区波幅大于其他脑区,运动组的Nogo-P3波幅显著大于对照组,顶区Nogo-P3小于Go-P3波幅。水平方位的脑顶区NogoP3潜伏期长。结论：单板U型滑雪项目运动员在Go/Nogo任务下执行动作时的反应时比普通人更短,运动员对冲突的反应抑制加工能力比普通人强,Nogo-P3的成分特征可以作为测量单板U型滑雪运动员视觉空间方位知觉反应抑制能力的良好指标。Objective： This paper provide theoretical evidences for scientific training and selection and evaluation of athletes,Taking the half-pipe snow board athletes as an example to explore sport training ＇effect on visual spatial orientation perception＇s cognitive processing characteristics,and learn athletes and the general population differences in ERPs components feature of spatial orientation perceptual response inhibition,and confirm the directional indexes of the ability to visual spatial orientation perceptual response inhibition of similar items. Methods： selecting 8 half-pipe snow board athletes in national team（ exercise group） and 8 ordinary university students（ control group） as the research objects. Adopting the Go / Nogo tasks evoke ERPs of subjects＇ visual spatial orientation perceptual reaction. Results：（ 1） the reaction time of Go stimulate about exercise group subjects was significantly low er than that of control group.（ 2） Either horizontally or vertically,140~ 220 ms early component N2 under Go conditions induced greater amplitude than that of Nogo conditions,and electrode amplitude of vertical orientation in the top area was significantly greater than in other regions. In vertical orientation frontal area Fz latency was shorter than the central brain regions electrode Cz and Cpz.（ 3） 300 ~ 420 ms late component P3,the amplitude was more obvious in the horizontal orientation of the central brain regions than the frontal and parietal,the exercise group had greater P3 amplitude than the control group in forehead and the amount of the central region and the central brain regions. The top zone Nogo-P3 amplitude was significantly less than that of the Go-P3,the amplitude of vertical orientation of central brain regions was greater than other brain regions,Nogo-P3 amplitude of the exercise group was significantly greater than that of the control group,and the top district Nogo-P3 amplitude was less than that of the Go-P3. Top brain parietal Nogo-P3 Latency was longer than

关 键 词：空间方位知觉 反应抑制 Go/Nogo任务 事件相关电位 单板U型滑雪运动员 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]