水肥耦合对紫花苜蓿土壤磷酸酶活性的影响  

Coupling effect of water and fertilizer on phosphatase activities of alfalfa soil

作　　者：张艾明[1,2] 刘云超[2,3] 李晓兰[2] 陈凤臻[1] 莎茹拉[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]赤峰学院资源与环境科学学院,内蒙古赤峰024000 [2]赤峰学院农业科学研究院,内蒙古赤峰024000 [3]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2016年第11期2896-2902,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：内蒙古自然科学基金(2014BS0302);国家自然科学基金(31400459)项目资助

摘　　要：磷是植物生长的限制因子之一,土壤中占主导地位的有机磷只有在磷酸酶矿化水解作用后才能被作物吸收利用。因此,研究土壤磷酸酶活性特征可为活化土壤中作物较难利用的磷素提供一些途径或方法。本文以紫花苜蓿和栗钙土为研究对象,在盆栽试验条件下分析了不同梯度磷肥施用(P)和水分(W)下的土壤磷酸酶活性特征。结果表明,土壤碱性磷酸单酯酶活性(99.2~170.0 mg para-nitrophenol·kg^(-1) soil·h^(-1))高于酸性磷酸单酯酶活性(24.7~56.9 mg para-nitrophenol·kg^(-1) soil·h^(-1));水肥交互作用对土壤酸性磷酸单酯酶活性和磷酸二酯酶活性均产生显著影响;其中,在常规水分处理条件下,高施磷肥抑制土壤无机焦磷酸酶活性;重度干旱降低了紫花苜蓿土壤酸性磷酸单酯酶、磷酸二酯酶和无机焦磷酸酶活性,但在干旱条件下施磷肥量的增加可提高土壤酸性、碱性磷酸单酯酶活性。因此,通过控制土壤水分和磷肥施用量可达到抑制或激活土壤磷酸酶活性的目的。Phosphorus is one of the limiting factors for plant growth. Though organic phosphorus is dominant in soil, it can only be used after mineralization and hydrolysis by phosphatase. Therefore, study on soil phosphatase activities would provide a method to activate phosphorus in soil, which is not labile. By using alfalfa and chestnut soil in our pot experiment, soil phosphatase activities were studied under different phosphorus and water treatments. The results showed that alkaline phosphomonoesterase activities （99.2-170.0 mg para-nitrophenol·kg^-1 soil·h^-1） were higher than acid phosphomonoesterase activities （24.7-56.9 mg para-nitrophenol·kg^-1 soil·h^-1）; soil acid phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities were significantly affected by waterfertilizer interaction, and higher phosphorus content inhibited soil inorganic pyrophosphatase activities under routine water treatment. Severe drought reduced soil acid phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase and inorganic pyrophosphatase activities, while phosphorus fertilizer increased soil acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activities. Therefore, soil water and phosphorus control might inhibit or activate soil phosphatase activities.

关 键 词：水肥耦合 磷酸单酯酶 磷酸二酯酶 无机焦磷酸酶 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学] S154.2