锂离子电池Sn/C复合负极材料的研究进展  

Research Progress of Sn/C Composites as Anode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries

作　　者：周达飞[1] 吕瑞涛[1] 黄正宏[1] 郑永平[1] 沈万慈[1] 康飞宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学材料学院先进材料教育部重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《材料科学与工程学报》2016年第5期830-835,734,共7页Journal of Materials Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(2015CB932500;2014CB932401);国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(51372131)

摘　　要：具有高理论比容量和低操作电压的锡及其氧化物负极材料,在当前对锂离子电池高能量密度和高功率密度的日益迫切的需求下备受关注。但其在充放电过程中的巨大体积效应导致其循环性能较差,严重阻碍了锡基负极材料的实用化。在改善循环性能的诸多方法中,结合纳米化和微观结构设计来制备纳米结构Sn/C复合负极材料是一种较好的改性思路。按照锡与碳的复合形式,可将其分为表面附着型、核壳包覆型、弥散包覆型等基本构型和其他复杂结构。本文按此分类方法,从制备工艺、微观结构、电化学性能等方面对各种Sn/C复合负极材料的研究进展进行了评述,并提出将各种基本构型相结合来制备具有多级复合纳米结构的Sn/C复合材料,同时简化制备工艺,对于其性能的进一步提升和实用化将具有重要的意义。Under the urgent demand for high energy and power density, tin and tin oxides have attracted increasing attention as anode materials {or lithium-ion batteries （LIBs）, due to their high theoretical capacity and low operating voltage. However, the huge volume expansion of Sn during charge/discharge process leads to poor cycling performance, which hinders its practical application in LIBs. Among various efforts to improve its cycling performance, designing nanostructured Sn/C composites is a very promising strategy, which combines the advantages of small size and structural optimization. According to whether Sn nanopartieles are 1） decorated on, 2） encapsulated in, or 3） uniformly dispersed inside the carbon particles, these Sn/C composites can be classified into three basic types and other more integrated structures. Recent research progresses on Sn/ C composites are summarized in this article, in terms of synthesis, microstructure and electrochemical properties. Furthermore, it is proposed that designing hierarchical Sn/C nanostructures and simplifying the synthesis procedures as well, would be very promising and important for further boosting theri performance and applications.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 负极材料 锡/碳复合材料 多级结构 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]