论韵律形态学  

On Prosodic Morphology

作　　者：司联合[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学外国语学院

出　　处：《英语研究》2016年第2期88-96,共9页English Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“语义信息守恒原理下词汇、语义和句法三位一体的汉英简单句的句义比较研究”(15BYY010)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：韵律形态学研究形态学和韵律结构之间的互动，主要研究的现象包括音位配列限制、词根类型形态学和重叠。音位配列限制是对词干和词语的音系形成的限制，通过研究英语的爱称，我们可以知道英语应该属于有最小词语限制的语言，但是许多语言则没有最小词语限制。词根构成一个词的核心，是基本形式，通过内部变化或者增加屈折词素或派生词素来可以派生出另一个词。闪语中词根则一般由三个辅音构成CCC，它们加在_V_V_模块上，成为词根类型形态学。重叠是为了表示一个词的意义或用法的变化而重复给定的词基的全部或者部分之类的形态学过程，分为完全重叠和部分重叠。各种语言中词语的重叠必须遵守一定的类型或韵律要求，重叠可以用于屈折和派生，大多表示复数，但也可以表示意义的强化或弱化、行为的强度、时体的构成等。对韵律形态学的研究会促进我们对于词汇的理解，从而更有效地扩大我们的词汇量，为进一步掌握语言打下良好的基础。Prosodic morphology deals with the interaction between morphology and prosodic structures, and is mainly concerned with such phenomena as phonotactic constraints, root and pattern morphology, and reduplication. Phonotactic constraints are the constraints on phonological shape of root, and English can be regarded as a language with a minimal word constraint by studying English nicknames while many languages do not have such constraints. Roots in Semitic languages are usually CCC, which can be embedded into the template of _V _V_ to form root and pattern morphology. Reduplication is a morphological process that repeats all or part of a given base to indicate the change of meanings and uses of a word. Reduplication can be complete or partial. Reduplication in different languages must conform to a certain type of pattern or prosodic requirements. Reduplication can be used in inflection and derivation, to express plural forms in most cases, but also express the intensification and weakening of meanings, the strength of action, the formation and tense and aspect. The study of prosodic morphology can promote our understanding of lexemes, and broaden our lexicon, and thus pave a good way to grasp foreign languages.

关 键 词：韵律形态学 音位配列限制 词根类型 模块 重叠 

分 类 号：H042[语言文字—语言学]