北京冬季雾霾频发期VOCs源解析及健康风险评价  

Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of VOCs During the Haze Period in the Winter in Beijing

作　　者：刘丹[1,2] 解强[1] 张鑫[2] 王海林[3] 闫志勇[1,2] 杨宏伟[4] 郝郑平[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境纳米材料与技术研究室,北京100085 [3]北京市环境保护科学研究院,北京100037 [4]内蒙古师范大学化学与环境科学学院,呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《环境科学》2016年第10期3693-3701,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201409016;201309073);国家自然科学基金重点项目(21337003);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB05050200)

摘　　要：采用低温固体吸附采样、热脱附-气相色谱-质谱联用的方法对北京冬季雾霾频发期空气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行了连续监测,对以雾霾期为标志划分的4个阶段的VOCs浓度水平与组成变化特征进行了分析研究,利用正矩阵因数分解模型(positive matrix factorization,PMF)对VOCs的可能来源进行解析,并进行了健康风险评价.结果表明,VOCs的日均浓度为332.34μg·m^(-3),苯系物和卤代烃在研究区域大气环境的VOCs中含量占主导地位;冬季雾霾的主要污染物排放源为溶剂/涂料使用及机动车尾气排放;区域所检出的致癌性VOCs的致癌风险均超过了EPA给出的风险限值.A method for determining volatile organic compounds（ VOCs） by cryogenic dynamic adsorption in solid adsorbent tubes,subsequent thermal desorption with cryofocusing in a cold trap and analysis by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry was adapted for continuous ambient air monitoring. VOCs pollution characteristics and health risk assessment（ HRA） were researched in detail.Moreover,the sources apportionment was reliably analyzed by positive matrix factorization（ PMF） model. The results showed that the average concentration of VOCs was 332. 34 μg·m-3per day,the concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbon and halo hydrocarbon were remarkably high compared to the other VOCs. Particularly,the PMF analysis results revealed that solvent / paint use emission,biomass or coal combustion and motor vehicle exhaust emissions were the main pollutants emission sources. Additionally,the cancer risk index of all carcinogenic substances was higher than the suggested value of USEPA（ 1 × 10-（-6））,which could cause potential harm to human health.

关 键 词：雾霾 挥发性有机物 源解析 PMF模型 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4