武汉市洪山区夏季PM2.5浓度、水溶性离子与PAHs成分特征及来源分析  

Concentration, Water-Soluble Ionic and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Composition and Sources of PM_(2.5) During Summer in Hongshan District,Wuhan

作　　者：孙焰[1] 祁士华[1] 张莉[1,2] 邢新丽[1] 杨丹[1] 胡天鹏[1] 瞿程凯[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,武汉430074 [2]广东省地质局第四地质大队,湛江524000

出　　处：《环境科学》2016年第10期3714-3722,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41103065)

摘　　要：2014年6月12日~7月22日,在武汉市洪山区进行PM_(2.5)采样,分析了夏季PM_(2.5)及其水溶性离子的浓度,并利用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)对PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃(PAHs)浓度进行测定,探讨其污染来源及形成机制.结果表明,PM_(2.5)质量浓度为36.41~220.02μg·m-3,平均值为97.38μg·m^(-3),超标率为59.26%,气象因素中风速对其影响较大,随着风速的增加,浓度呈降低趋势;SO_4^(2-)、NO_3^-、NH_4^+和K^+是PM_(2.5)的主要组成成分,占PM_(2.5)质量浓度的40.67%,气溶胶偏酸性;对SO_4^(2-)、NO_3^-的形成过程分析发现其所受的影响因素不同,PM_(2.5)中NH_4^+主要以NH_4HSO_4和(NH4)_2SO_4的形式存在.PM_(2.5)中PAHs日均质量浓度为11.30 ng·m^(-3),主要是以4、5、6环为主.对PM_(2.5)来源进行分析表明工业废气及汽车尾气的排放为主要污染源,其中燃煤及汽车尾气占83.90%,石油源占10.17%,炼焦排放占5.08%.PAHs总毒性当量浓度(TEQBaP)值为0.22~11.19ng·m^(-3),平均值为1.74 ng·m^(-3),日均超标率7.41%.Atmospheric PM2.5samples were collected in Hongshan district,Wuhan from June 12 thto July 22 th,2014. This study analyzed the characteristics and chemical composition of PM2.5,and the concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons（ PAHs）were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（ GC-MS）,to discuss the pollution sources and formation mechanism. The results indicated the total concentrations of PM2.5ranged from 36. 41 to 220. 02 μg·m-3,with the mean of 97. 38 μg·m-3. and the exceeding criteria rate was 59. 26%. Furthermore,the concentration of PM2.5correlated significantly with wind speed in meteorological parameters,when the wind speed increased,the concentration of PM2.5showed a trend of decline. The water-soluble ionic components of PM2.5were SO42-,NO-3,NH4＋ and K＋ which accounted for 40. 67%,and the aerosol partial acid. The influencing factors of formation process of SO42- were different from those of NO3-,and NH4HSO4 and（ NH4）2SO4were the main compounds of NH4＋ in PM2.5. The average concentration of PAHs in PM2.5was 11. 30 ng·m- 3,and the dominant compounds were 4-6 ring PAHs. Industrial waste gas and vehicle emissions were the sources of PM2.5. The various sources of the PAHs had contribution of 83. 90% from vehicle emission and combustion of coal,10. 17% from petroleum sources,and 5. 08% from coking emission. The concentration of toxic benzo[a]pyrene equivalent（ TEQBa P） ranged from 0. 22 to 11. 19 ng·m-3（ mean,1. 74 ng·m-3）,and the exceeding criteria rate was7. 41%.

关 键 词：武汉市洪山区 PM2.5 水溶性离子 PAHS 来源 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]