白龙江流域构造地貌特征及其对滑坡泥石流灾害的控制作用  

Geomorphic Features of the Bailongjiang River Drainage Basin and Its Relationship with Geological Disaster

作　　者：苏琦[1] 梁明剑[2] 袁道阳[1,3] 谢虹[1,3] 吴赵[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地震局兰州地震研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [2]四川省地震局,四川成都610000 [3]兰州地球物理国家野外科学观测研究站,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《地球科学（中国地质大学学报）》2016年第10期1758-1770,共13页Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(No.2011BAK12B05);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项课题(No.XDB03020201)

摘　　要：活动构造是影响地质灾害发生的主要因素之一.利用SRTM-3数字高程模型(digital elevation model,简称DEM)数据,基于ArcGIS空间分析技术及Matlab程序脚本系统提取白龙江流域宏观地貌信息、拟合流域内部7个4级亚流域的S-A图解,并结合流域内部新构造特征、活动断裂分布、岩性展布特征以及降水条件等系统分析了白龙江流域滑坡泥石流地质灾害发育的控制因素.其中,S-A拟合图形上凸者代表流域内物质的输出量大于输入量,反之,S-A拟合图形下凹者代表流域内物质的输出量小于输入量,而物质输入表现为山体隆升,较大的物质输出量具体表现形式即为突发事件形成的滑坡、泥石流灾害;另外区域构造运动控制下的强烈褶皱破碎甚至糜棱化或半糜棱化岩层分布也是地质灾害发生必不可少的条件.受上述因素综合影响,本区地质灾害通常发生在高程突变、起伏度与切割深度大的高坡度分布区,而由于区域差异隆升所形成的不同的亚流域地貌形态则控制了地质灾害高发区,即物质输出量大于输入量的亚流域内部滑坡泥石流等地质灾害频繁,而输入量大于输出量的亚流域内部并无明显地质灾害分布点.Active tectonics is one of the factor that impacts the geological disaster. In this paper, the control factors of the geological disas ters （landslide and debris flow） in Bailongiiang drainage basin are studied. Based on SRTM-3 Digital Elevation Model, we make use of ArcGIS spatial analysis techniques and Matlab scripts to extract various geomorphic parameters in Bailongjiang drainage basin systematically, such as the macro landform information, seven fitting S-A graphics of four graded rivers. Combined with neotectonic features, active faults, lithological distribution and rainfall condition, the control factors of geodisasters are analyzed. The results show that the convex fitting S-A graphics represents that the material output is bigger than the material input; on the contrary, the concave fitting S-A graphics represents that the material output is less than the material input; among which, the material input performs mountain uplift and the concrete manifestation of material output is landslide, debris flow disaster produced in emergency. In addition, mylonitization or half mylonitization strata distribution controlled by regional tectonic movement is the essential factors for geological disasters. Affected by the comprehensive factors above, it is concluded that geological disasters usually occurs in the region that elevation changes rapidly, high relief ampli-rude and high slope distribution and different sub-hasin lopography caused by regional differences in uplift control the area where geological disasters occur frequently, that is, geological disasters occur frequently in the sub-basin where material output is bigger than materied input and the sub-hasin where material input is bigger than material output doesn＇t show the geological disasters distribution point.

关 键 词：白龙江 地质灾害 地貌 河流水力侵蚀模型 

分 类 号：P65[天文地球—地质学]