“商业主义”统合与“专业主义”离场:数字化背景下中国新闻业转型的话语形构及其构成作用  

"Commercialism" Dominating and "Professionalism" Leaving:The Discursive Formation of Journalism Transition in China under Digital Condition

作　　者：李艳红[1] 陈鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学传播与设计学院

出　　处：《国际新闻界》2016年第9期135-153,共19页Chinese Journal of Journalism & Communication

基　　金：教育部2014规划基金项目(1402002)"嵌入性共生:1990年代以来新闻与公关职业的双重演进及危机"的阶段性成果~~

摘　　要：以话语的社会理论为取径,以新闻业者针对数字化挑战所发表的言说文本为素材,本文考察了我国新闻场域中的实践者如何在这一条件下重构和概念化他们的行为。基本发现是:当代中国的业者主要转向了市场话语,采纳商业主义作为支配其言说的基本框架。与这一过程相伴随,自上世纪90年代新闻改革的上升阶段曾经涌现的专业主义"话语形构"(discursive formation)则悄然离场。与西方社会在类似技术条件下所产生的相对多元的危机言说相比,当下中国业者的"话语形构"显示出单一商业维度的特征。这一"话语形构"的变迁不仅内在于商业主义社会实践的兴起之中,并且为后者提供合理化的依据进而催生后者,与此同时,以"公共性"为价值主导的工作、社会关系和社会认同则在这一过程中被"去合法化"和边缘化。新闻业的结构性变迁因而蕴含于话语变迁之中。Applying social theory of discourse and collecting the textual statements of the journalism practitioners, this article examines the discursive formation and the practice of the Chinese journalism practitioners when they face digital challenges. The basic finding is： the practitioners turned to market discourse and adopted commercialism as the dominating frame to define the circumstance they face. Accompanied with this, the ＂discursive formation＂ of professionalism which emerged during the 1990~ with the early period of market reform of media is leaving the field. This ＂discursive formation＂ also differs from that of its western counterparts, where the crisis discourse is described at plural dimension rather than a single commercial dimension. This ＂discursive formation＂ of commercialism not only exists within the commerce-oriented social practices, but also legitimates the latter thus generating a series of positions, social relations and social identities that are related with it, whereas marginalizing positions, social relations and social identities that are related with non-commercial value （such as publicity）. Structural changes occur within discursive changes.

关 键 词：数字化 新闻业转型 话语实践 专业主义 商业主义 

分 类 号：G219.2[文化科学—新闻学]