马鹿的演化与种系发生进展  

Study Progress in Evolution and Phylogeny of Red Deer

作　　者：周璨林[1,2] 陈开旭[1] 马合木提·哈力克[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,资源生物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆医科大学基础医学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第4期384-387,398,共5页Journal of Xinjiang University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31060152,31360266);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2010211A02);新疆大学自治区重点学科-动物学科资助

摘　　要：马鹿是产生于上新世早期的鹿科动物,其在北半球分布广泛.传统的种系发生研究放弃采用体型等形态学特征作为分类依据,转而投向非营养依赖型特征并结合地理等因素进行综合分类.分类的焦点主要集中于梅花鹿,白唇鹿是否作为马鹿的一个亚种,新旧世界马鹿的关系,亚洲东部,南部以及远东地区之间的相互关系三个方面.但是由于形态分类样品不容易确定来源,且个体变异大,形态特征模糊,因此利用遗传学手段对马鹿进行系统发生研究成为今后发展的趋势.线粒体研究表明白唇鹿和梅花鹿与东亚,南亚,北亚以及北美马鹿组成东部系统,马鹿关系较近;而西部系统马鹿中欧洲北非马鹿遗传关系较近.今后从化石中扩增序列,以及利用非损伤采样法获得更多确切来源地的序列成为研究的方向.The ancestor of red deer had appeared during early Pliocene.Now days,red deer had distributed in the northern hemisphere.Classic phylogenetic study had gave up the unreliable traits which was affected by nutrition as morphological evidence.Recent morphological studies have concentrated more on nutritionindependent characters with geographical information.The phylogenetic mainly focused on the relationship1）among the sika deer,Thorold＇s white lipped deer and red deer,2） between red deer from Eurasia and north American,3） red deer from eastern Asia,southern Asia and far east.But morphology study had obstructed for unclear captured location and inconsistent of morphological characteristics.So the genetic study had been more and more employed for phylogenetic research.Based on the results of mitochondria DNA,Western Red Deer was subdivided into four subgroups：Western-Europe,Balkan,Middle-East,and Africa.And the three subgroups of the Eastern group（North Asia/America,South-Asia,and East-Asia） were clearly defined.Beside sequence evidence from fossils,noninvasive sampling method was another application for its easy getting geography information from habit.

关 键 词：马鹿 系统发生 演化 

分 类 号：Q3-0[生物学—遗传学]